Table 5.

Mechanical properties of right (non-loaded) and left (loaded) tibiae.

Structural Mechanical Properties from 4-point bending
	Standard				Thermoneutral				RM 3 Way ANOVA
	Non-loaded		Loaded		Non-loaded		Loaded		Temperature	Loading	Treatment	Temperature x Loading	Temperature x Treatment	Loading x Treatment	Temperature x Loading x Treatment
	Control	RAL	Control	RAL	Control	RAL	Control	RAL
Yield Force (N)	15.5 ± 2.6	15.2 ± 1.1	15.3 ± 3.5	16.1 ± 3.8	14.3 ± 2.1	14.3 ± 2.1	14.3 ± 4.7	17.5 ± 5	0.8146	0.2374	0.1086	0.7089	0.1391	0.3136	0.2580
Ultimate Force (N)	16.8 ± 2.2	16.9 ± 1.8	19.1 ± 2	19.5 ± 1.4	15.9 ± 2	17.9 ± 1.5	18.9 ± 2.4	21.5 ± 4.1	0.2873	<0.0001	0.0092	0.6309	0.7800	0.1391	0.3136
Failure Force (N)	9.6 ± 4.3	11 ± 3.8	14.3 ± 3.5	12.5 ± 3.2	8.9 ± 3.6	10.5 ± 3.2	13.5 ± 4.7	16.8 ± 6.4	0.6454	<0.0001	0.2081	0.2637	0.1076	0.9538	0.1134
Ultimate Displacement (μm)	310.5 ± 53.3	309.5 ± 24.9	386 ± 64.4	350.7 ± 59.3	315.7 ± 22.1	326.8 ± 30.2	382.3 ± 62.6	376 ± 130.4	0.2352	<0.0001	0.7738	0.8310	0.7527	0.2484	0.6022
Displacement to Yield (μm)	261.4 ± 71.5	241.7 ± 27.7	242.2 ± 47.4	237.4 ± 49.8	246.4 ± 33	239.1 ± 20.1	224.2 ± 71.9	217.8 ± 25.6	0.2256	0.4245	0.3548	0.1786	0.9043	0.5484	0.6713
Postyield Displacement (μm)	490.8 ± 250.9	515 ± 205.9	506.8 ± 286.6	509.7 ± 100.3	574.8 ± 297.9	497.5 ± 170	513.4 ± 120.4	498.7 ± 108.4	0.3671	0.3789	0.7537	0.9567	0.2131	0.4065	0.9806
Total Displacement (μm)	752.2 ± 242.4	756.7 ± 211.5	749 ± 267.5	747.1 ± 91.3	821.2 ± 304.3	736.6 ± 163	737.6 ± 127.8	716.5 ± 106.2	0.4975	0.3098	0.8971	0.8134	0.1900	0.5002	0.9096
Stiffness (N/mm)	67.5 ± 10.8	71.4 ± 12.3	70.2 ± 9.9	75.7 ± 10.7	65.6 ± 10.9	73.1 ± 7.3	73 ± 17.9	91.7 ± 29.3	0.2950	0.0476	0.0054	0.1711	0.0734	0.0631	0.2978
Work to Yield (mJ)	2.2 ± 1	1.9 ± 0.3	2 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 0.5	2 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.9	2 ± 0.6	0.5247	0.4947	0.7883	0.3055	0.5615	0.9155	0.6343
Postyield Work (mJ)	5.4 ± 2.3	6.7 ± 2.9	7.9 ± 4.5	7.6 ± 1.4	6.1 ± 2.7	6.7 ± 2	7.7 ± 2.5	9.1 ± 3.4	0.1129	0.0241	0.0131	0.5530	0.9781	0.4868	0.4168
Total Work (mJ)	7.6 ± 2.2	8.6 ± 2.8	9.9 ± 4.1	9.7 ± 1.3	8 ± 0	8.7 ± 2	9.5 ± 2.3	11.1 ± 3.5	0.1323	0.0186	0.0068	0.7360	0.8834	0.4816	0.3661
Estimated Tissue-Level Mechanical Properties from 4-point bending
	Standard				Thermonuetral				RM 3 Way ANOVA
	Non-loaded		Loaded		Non-loaded		Loaded		Temperature	Loading	Treatment	Temperature x Loading	Temperature x Treatment	Loading x Treatment	Temperature x Loading x Treatment
	Control	RAL	Control	RAL	Control	RAL	Control	RAL
Yield Stress (MPa)	182.5 ± 23.9	174.8 ± 13	164.2 ± 36	167.7 ± 38.3	169.5 ± 18.7	176.9 ± 23	159 ± 54.8	187.2 ± 48.3	0.8880	0.4435	0.2805	0.8931	0.1219	0.3149	0.2542
Ultimate Stress (MPa)	199.1 ± 19.2	194.3 ± 18.7	206 ± 21.1	203.9 ± 17.3	188.6 ± 14.2	202.5 ± 14.9	209.1 ± 33.4	230.1 ± 41.2	0.1577	0.0040	0.0420	0.1963	0.0369	0.1888	0.4190
Failure Stress (MPa)	113.4 ± 48.6	128.2 ± 47.1	153.6 ± 36.7	131.5 ± 35.8	104.9 ± 36.6	118.4 ± 33.6	149 ± 53.3	179.8 ± 66.3	0.6870	0.0016	0.2987	0.1727	0.1084	0.9337	0.1240
Ultimate Strain (me)	25 ± 4.2	25 ± 1.7	33 ± 5.5	29.7 ± 4.8	25.2 ± 2.5	26.4 ± 2.4	33 ± 6	32.3 ± 10.7	0.1782	<0.0001	0.6817	0.9632	0.7153	0.2115	0.6372
Strain to Yield (me)	21 ± 5.6	19.5 ± 1.9	20.7 ± 4	20.2 ± 4.6	19.6 ± 0	19.3 ± 1.7	19.3 ± 6	18.8 ± 2.5	0.2632	0.3884	0.3821	0.2338	0.9885	0.4926	0.6921
Total Strain (me)	60.5 ± 19.5	61.1 ± 17.3	63.8 ± 22.4	63.4 ± 8.4	65.6 ± 25.2	59.3 ± 12.7	63.4 ± 9.6	61.9 ± 9.5	0.4144	0.9729	0.8663	0.9224	0.1830	0.5205	0.9031
Modulus (GPa)	9.9 ± 1.3	10.2 ± 1.4	8.8 ± 1.2	9.3 ± 1.2	9.7 ± 0.8	10.3 ± 0.9	9.4 ± 2.6	11.3 ± 3.3	0.2525	0.0894	0.0059	0.0961	0.0234	0.0412	0.3124
Resilience (MPa)	2.1 ± 0.9	1.8 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 0.5	0.6434	0.6345	0.9011	0.5419	0.5535	0.9409	0.6230
Toughness (MPa)	7.3 ± 2.1	8 ± 2.7	9.1 ± 3.8	8.6 ± 1.5	7.7 ± 2.9	7.9 ± 1.8	9.1 ± 2.4	10.3 ± 3.3	0.1043	0.0426	0.0393	0.4952	0.9069	0.4574	0.3247