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. 2021 Mar 30;12:1964. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21226-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a The power was evaluated using 1 million replications at the significance threshold of α = 1 × 10⁻⁶. b The mean-squared error for the genetic effect estimates were evaluated for MAMBA, fixed effect (FE) and random effect meta-analysis (RE). The RE2, BE, and SCREEN methods do not produce genetic effect estimates and thus were not considered. Scenarios under different data generation process (DGP) were considered. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.