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. 2021 Mar 30;12:1975. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22092-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Growth curve and the corresponding growth rate of an E. coli MG1655 batch culture after diluting the overnight culture 1:200 into fresh LB. Growth rate peaks at ~1.5 h post dilution, and then slowly decreases. Data points and the corresponding shaded areas are mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) for n = 12 replicates. b Shape growth curves (cell width and length as a function of time) for the same culture in a. Cell width starts to increase earlier compared to length. Data points and the shaded areas are mean ± S.D. for n > 200 single cells. c SA/V as a function of time for the same culture in b. SA/V decreased as cells resume growth, and then slowly increased back to the initial value when cell growth slowed down. Data points are mean ± S.D. with n > 200 single cells, and the dashed line is smoothed as a guide to the eye. d Single-cell time-lapse imaging of stationary-phase MG1655 cells diluted onto an agarose pad containing fresh LB. Each cell exhibited similar width and length dynamics as in the bulk culture in b. Solid lines and the corresponding shaded areas are mean ± S.D. with n = 146 single cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.