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. 2021 Mar 30;12:1968. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22138-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Exploded-view layout of the constituent layers of the system. b Photographic image of the dual optogenetic stimulation probe device balanced on a finger. c Photographic image of the multimodal optogenetic stimulator and thermography device balanced on a finger. d Schematic diagram of electrical operating principles of the two devices with harvesting and control unit (left), dual optogenetic probe stimulation circuit diagram (middle), and multimodal optogenetic stimulation and thermography circuit diagram (right). e Photographic image of the back of the multimodal optogenetic stimulator and thermography device with inset showing temperature sensing capabilities over a 4-hour period. f Photographic image of the experimental arena with stimulation arena in the right chamber. g Photographic image of finch perched in the experimental arena with IR LED activated during data uplink event.