Table 3.
Association between nutritional patterns and 2 clinical outcomes.
| Coefficient | 95% Confidence Interval | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | |||
| Intercept | − 1.68 | [− 1.74, − 1.62] | < 0.001 |
| BW z-score | 0.72 | [0.64, 0.79] | < 0.001 |
| Antenatal Steroids | 0.15 | [− 0.07, 0.37] | 0.185 |
| Apgar 1 min | 0.00 | [− 0.04, 0.05] | 0.861 |
| IMD decile | − 0.01 | [− 0.04, 0.02] | 0.588 |
| Smoking in Pregnancy | 0.05 | [− 0.09, 0.19] | 0.504 |
| Sex | − 0.06 | [− 0.18, 0.06] | 0.301 |
| Gestational Age | 0.06 | [0.01, 0.11] | 0.017 |
| Midlands and east | − 0.09 | [− 0.27, 0.1] | 0.364 |
| North | − 0.09 | [− 0.27, 0.09] | 0.306 |
| South | 0.02 | [− 0.16, 0.21] | 0.796 |
| Nutritional Treatment | − 0.33 | [− 0.46, − 0.2] | < 0.001 |
| Z1 | 0.03 | [− 0.09, 0.15] | 0.641 |
| Z2 | − 0.04 | [− 0.16, 0.07] | 0.482 |
| Z3 | 0.00 | [− 0.1, 0.11] | 0.940 |
| (b) | |||
| Intercept | − 0.15 | [− 0.36, 0.05] | 0.143 |
| BW z-score | − 0.64 | [− 0.92, − 0.37] | < 0.001 |
| Antenatal Steroids | 0.27 | [− 0.49, 1.03] | 0.491 |
| Apgar 1 min | − 0.09 | [− 0.24, 0.07] | 0.263 |
| IMD decile | 0.00 | [− 0.15, 0.15] | 0.977 |
| Smoking in Pregnancy | 0.05 | [− 0.48, 0.58] | 0.862 |
| Sex | − 0.58 | [− 1, − 0.15] | 0.008 |
| Gestational Age | − 0.43 | [− 0.58, − 0.28] | < 0.001 |
| Midlands and east | 0.02 | [− 0.62, 0.66] | 0.941 |
| North | 0.38 | [− 0.27, 1.02] | 0.254 |
| South | 0.42 | [− 0.19, 1.04] | 0.176 |
| Nutritional Treatment | − 1.16 | [− 1.67, − 0.65] | < 0.001 |
| Z1 | − 0.26 | [− 0.66, 0.15] | 0.216 |
| Z2 | 0.21 | [− 0.19, 0.61] | 0.309 |
| Z3 | − 0.10 | [− 0.54, 0.34] | 0.648 |
Regression coefficients, 95% confidence intervals and p values are reported for all tested covariates, and the three latent variables (Z1, Z2 and Z3) of the factor model that facilitate deconfounding. We excluded infants with any missing values for the studied variables and used London as the reference category for geographical location. (a) Linear regression on weight z-score at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (W36 z-score), comparing clusters 13 (n = 371) and cluster 16 (n = 339). (b) Logistic regression on BPD, comparing cluster 17 (n = 376) to 18 (n = 283). Coefficients in (a) measure effect on the outcome by a change of one unit in the corresponding covariate. Coefficients in (b) measure change in log-odds ratio of the outcome by a change of one unit in the corresponding covariate. “Nutritional Treatment” = binary covariate encoding inclusion in one cluster versus the other. Significant (p < 0.05) covariates are highlighted in bold/italic if inducing a negative/positive effect on the outcome variable when the associated covariate is quantitatively positive.