Table 2.

The results of the contrast analysis of the selected biochemical and physiological parameters in sweet cherry leaves exposed to one (CT1), two (CT2) or three (CT3) overnight chillings, sampled at time 0, 24 and 48 and compared to control in Experiment II.

	CT1			CT2			CT3
	0	24	48	0	24	48	0	24	48
Chlorophyll a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Chlorophyll b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Chlorophyll a/b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Total chlorophylls	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
β-carotene	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Lutein	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Neoxanthin	ns	ns	ns	↓*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Violaxanthin	ns	ns	ns	↓*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Antheraxanthin	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑*	ns	ns
Zeaxanthin	↑*	ns	ns	↑***	↑***	ns	↑***	↑***	ns
Total carotenoids	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
VAZ	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑*	↑***	ns
AZ/VAZ	↑***	ns	ns	↑***	↑***	ns	↑***	↑***	ns
Glucose	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Fructose	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑**
Sucrose	ns	↑***	ns	ns	ns	↑*	ns	↑**	↑***
Sorbitol	ns	ns	↑*	ns	ns	↑**	ns	↑***	↑**
Total sugars	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑*	ns	↑**	↑**
Neochlorogenic acid	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑**	ns	ns
Chlorogenic acid	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Total hydroxycinnamic acids	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Catechin	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Epicatechin	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑**	ns	ns	ns	ns
Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Quercetin-diglucoside	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Total flavonoids	ns	↑*	ns	↑*	ns	ns	ns	ns	↑*
Fv/Fm	↓***	ns	ns	↓***	↓***	ns	↓***	↓***	↓***

*Statistically significant differences at P < 0.05; **statistically significant differences at P < 0.01; ***, statistically significant differences at P < 0.001; ns, not significant. ↑ = increase in chilled leaves; ↓ = decrease in chilled leaves; –, not monitored. VAZ, xanthophyll cycle pigments; AZ/VAZ, deepoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pool; Fv/Fm, maximum quantum yield of PS II.