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. 2021 Mar 30;11:7144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86436-3

Table 2.

Kappa statistic for inter-rater reliability assessment.

Anatomical landmarks Manual method Proposed method
Kappa-a Kappa-b
Study group Study-1 Study-2 Study-3 Study-1 Study-2 Study-3
SEV 0.542 0.48 0.56 0.75 0.84 0.81
IEV 0.621 0.57 0.79 0.8 0.83 0.9
AV 0.59 0.58 0.49 0.91 0.88 0.85

Kappa-a Interrater variability between observer-1 and observer-2 on pain radiagraph.

Kappa-b Interrater variability between observer-1 and observer-2 on CSA and MA extracted radiograph.