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. 2021 Mar 17;12:618577. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618577

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Copyright © 2021 Lien, Sun, Hung, Wu and Chang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Essential role of caspase 1 in DENV rEIII-induced NETosis. The gating of flow cytometry analysis of vehicle, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, a positive control NETosis inducer; 2 nM) and DENV rEIII (0.6 μM) challenged (1 h) wild mice neutrophils (1 × 10⁵) with or without caspase 1 inhibitor Z-WHED-FMK pretreatments (30 min) (A). The quantified results of flow cytometry analysis, which reveal that TPA and rEIII treatments markedly induced NETosis formation; by contrast, caspase 1 inhibitor Z-WHED-FMK treatments can only considerably suppress rEIII-induced NETosis, but not TPA-induced NETosis (B). n = 6, **P < 0.01, vs. untreated controls; ^##P < 0.01 vs. vehicle groups.