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. 2020 Nov 28;59(2):78–85. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0188

Table 2. Pain intensity in neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, lower back, wrist/hand, hip/thigh, knee, and ankle/foot at four evaluation moments: pre-intervention (0), after 12, 24, and 36 wk in control group (CG) and experimental group (EG).

Region 0 12 24 36 p





CG
(n=32)
EG
(n=32)
CG
(n=25)
EG
(n=27)
CG
(n=21)
EG
(n=20)
CG
(n=18)
EG
(n=15)
Group
*Time
Time Group
Neck 2.4 (3.0) 1.6 (2.5) 3.0 (3.1) 0.4 (1.4) 4.2 (2.9) 0.9 (2.9) 2.9 (3.1) 1.0 (2.7) 0.05 0.28 <0.01
Shoulder 1.7 (3.0) 2.5 (3.3) 2.2 (3.2) 0.6 (1.4) 3.7 (2.8) 1.8 (2.5) 1.9 (2.7) 1.1 (2.4) 0.06 0.09 0.02
Upper back 1.7 (3.1) 2.6 (3.3) 2.6 (2.9) 1.0 (2.1) 3.2 (3.1) 1.6 (2.4) 1.9 (2.9) 0.6 (1.1) 0.05 0.37 0.03
Elbow 0.7 (2.0) 0.1 (0.4) 0.4 (1.4) 0.3 (0.9) 0.3 (1.3) 0.3 (0.7) 0.5 (1.7) 0.2 (0.6) 0.56 0.98 0.15
Lower back 2.3 (3.3) 2.9 (3.3) 2.4 (2.9) 1.7 (2.6) 2.8 (3.1) 1.7 (2.3) 2.3 (2.9) 1.1 (1.9) 0.36 0.51 0.19
Hand/wrist 1.6 (2.6) 0.7 (1.9) 1.6 (3.0) 0.5 (1.4) 2.0 (3.1) 0.6 (1.3) 1.7 (2.9) 0.7 (1.4) 0.94 0.96 <0.01
Hip/thigh 0.4 (1.7) 0.8 (2.0) 0.6 (1.7) 0.4 (1.4) 0.6 (1.6) 0.2 (0.8) 1.2 (2.1) 0.1 (0.5) 0.21 0.87 0.19
Knee 0.3 (1.1) 0.7 (1.9) 0.9 (2.1) 0.8 (1.7) 0.9 (1.9) 1.0 (1.5) 1.4 (2.5) 0.8 (1.9) 0.34 0.5 0.64
Foot/ankle 0.4 (1.8) 0.3 (1.1) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.2) 0.0 (0.0) 0.1 (0.7) 0.6 (1.6) 0.0 (0.0) 0.49 0.32 0.43

Data expressed as mean standard deviation (SD).