Table1. Characteristics of study participants.

	Emergency physicians		Nonemergency physicians		p	Emergency physicians		General population		p
	n=1,097		n=14,112			n=1,097		n=4,388
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Age					<0.001					0.999
≤38	362	33.00	2,728	19.33		362	33.00	1,451	33.07
39–48	432	39.38	4,633	32.83		432	39.38	1,727	39.36
≥49	303	27.62	6,751	47.84		303	27.62	1,210	27.58
Age (mean ± SD)	43.81 ± 8.48		48.71 ± 10.42		<0.001	43.81 ± 8.48		43.80 ± 8.46		0.962
Sex					<0.001					1.000
Male	987	89.97	11,818	83.74		987	89.97	3,948	89.97
Female	110	10.03	2,294	16.26		110	10.03	440	10.03
Comorbidity
Depression
Yes	11	1.00	95	0.67	0.206	11	1.00	61	1.39	0.313
Anxiety
Yes	21	1.91	253	1.79	0.771	21	1.91	59	1.34	0.159
Diabetes
Yes	53	4.83	888	6.29	0.053	53	4.83	256	5.83	0.198
Hypertension
Yes	127	11.58	2,515	17.82	<0.001	127	11.58	445	10.14	0.164
Gastrointestinal diseases
Yes	51	4.65	1,146	8.12	<0.001	51	4.65	258	5.88	0.114
Asthma
Yes	9	0.82	230	1.63	0.038	9	0.82	34	0.77	0.878
Cancer
Yes	20	1.82	577	4.09	<0.001	20	1.82	133	3.03	0.03
Urinary problems
Yes	12	1.09	361	2.56	0.003	12	1.09	132	3.01	<0.001