Table 4.
Summary of SGLT2i effects on CV risk factors.
| Study | Intervention | Treatment (mean change from baseline) – Placebo (mean change from baseline) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | Other outcomes | ||
| EMPAGLIFLOZIN | |||||
| EMPA-REG OUTCOME [33] | E10 or E25 vs. Placebo |
Reduction in body weight, waist circumference, SBP/DBP, uric acid, and increase in both LDL-C and HDL-C observed with E10 and E25 vs. placebo | |||
| Gupta et al. [58] | E10 or E25 vs. Placebo |
E10: −1.41 (−2.51, −0.31; p = 0.0125); E25: −1.50 (−2.54, −0.46; p = 0.0051) |
E10: −3.3 (−9.8, −3.2; p = 0.3161); E25: −3.8 (−9.9, −2.4; p = 0.2313) |
E10: −1.0 (−4.9, −2.9; p = 0.4115); E25: −1.6 (−5.3, −2.0; p = 0.3780) |
NA |
| Roden et al. [59] | E10 or E25 vs. Placebo |
E10: −1.93 (−2.41, −1.45; p < 0.0001); E25: −2.15 (−2.63, −1.67; p < 0.0001) |
E10:–2.6 (−4.9, −0.4; p = 0.0231); E25: −3.4 (−5.7, −1.2; p = 0.0028) |
E10: −0.6 (−1.9, 0.8; p = 0.3987) E25: −1.5 (−2.8, −0.1; p = 0.0296) |
Change in waist circumference (cm): E10: −1.6 (−2.3, −0.8; p < 0.0001) E25: −1.6 (−2.4, −0.9; p < 0.0001)A |
| CANAGLIFLOZIN | |||||
| CANVAS program [30,60] | C100 vs. Placebo |
C100: −1.60 (−1.70, −1.51; p < 0.001) | C100: −3.93 (−4.30, −3.56; p < 0.001) | C100: −1.39 (−1.61, −1.17; p < 0.001) | Change in serum HDL-C (mmol/L): C100: 0.05 (0.05, 0.06) Change in serum LDL-C (mmol/L): C100: 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) |
| CREDENCE [31] | C100 or C300 vs. Placebo |
Overall mean change in C100/C300: −0.88 (−1.69, −0.07) | Overall mean change in C100/C300: −2.38 (−4.64, −0.11) | Overall mean change in C100/C300: −1.44 (−2.80, −0.09) | NA |
| Stenlöf K et al [61] | C100 or C300 vs. Placebo |
C100: −1.9 (−2.9, −1.6; p < 0.001) C300: −2.9 (−4.0, −2.6; p < 0.001) |
C100: −3.7 (−5.9, −1.6; p < 0.001); C300 −5.4 (−7.6, −3.3; p < 0.001) |
C100: −1.6 (−2.9, −0.2); C300: −2.0 (−3.4, −0.7) |
Change in serum LDL-C (mmol/L): C100: 2.0 (−3.2, 7.1) C300: 6.1 (0.9, 11.3) Change in serum HDL-C (mmol/L): C100: 6.8 (2.9, 10.6; p < 0.001) C300: 6.1 (2.3, 9.9; p < 0.01) Change in serum triglyceride (mmol/L): C100: −5.4 (−14.9, 4.1; p = NS) C300: −10.2 (−19.6, −0.7; p = NS) |
| DAPAGLIFLOZIN | |||||
| DECLARE-TIMI 58 [32]∗ | D10 vs. Placebo | D10: −1.8 (−2.0, −1.7) | D10: −2.7 (−3.0, −2.4) | D10: −0.7 (−0.9, −0.6) | Positive renal effect such as natriuretic effect, improved tubular glomerular feedback, vascular compliance, and endothelial function with dapagliflozin |
| Ferrannini et al. [62] | D2.5 or D5 or D10 vs. Placebo | D2.5: −3.3 ± 0.5, D5: −2.8 ± 0.5, D10: −3.2 ± 0.5 (p = NS vs. placebo for all) |
D2.5: −4.6 ± 1.8 D5: −2.3 ± 1.9 D10: −3.6 ± 1.9 (p = NS vs. placebo for all) |
D2.5: −2.8 ± 1.1 D5: −1.7 ± 1.1 D10: −2.0 ± 1.9 (p = NS vs. placebo for all) |
Change in serum uric acid (μmol/L): D2.5: −39.3 ± 6.0; D5: −50.6 ± 6.1, D10: −51.7 ± 5.8 Change in serum HDL-C (mmol/L): Overall placebo-subtracted adjusted mean (SE) change from baseline for dapagliflozin: (0.02 [0.07] to 0.17 [0.08] mmol/L) |
C100: canagliflozin 100 mg, C300: canagliflozin 300 mg, D2.5: dapagliflozin 2.5 mg, D5: dapagliflozin: 5 mg, D10: dapagliflozin 10 mg, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, E10: empagliflozin 10 mg, E25: empagliflozin 25 mg, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NA: not available, NS: nonsignificant, SE: standard error, SBP: systolic blood pressure.
∗Values presented as least square mean difference between the comparator arms.