Table 1.

Representative in vitro examples of metabolic adaptations in fibroblast-like cells.

Organ	Cell	Metabolic adaptations	References
Skin	Normal human skin and keloid fibroblasts	↑glycolysis in keloid fibroblasts vs. normal fibroblasts	Li et al., 2018
Liver	Human hepatic stellate cell line	TGF-β1 ↑glycolysis ↓OxPhos	Bates et al., 2020
Liver	Hepatic stellate cell line (LS2)	TGF-β1 ↑glycolysis ↓OxPhos	Barcena-Varela et al., 2020
Lung	Normal human and IPF lung Fibroblasts	↑glycolysis in IPF	Xie et al., 2015
Peritoneum	Human mesothelial cell line (MCT-5A)	TGF-β1 ↑glycolysis ↓OxPhos	Si et al., 2019
Kidney	Rat interstitial fibroblast	TGF-β1 ↑glycolysis ↓OxPhos↑Glutaminolysis	Smith and Hewitson, 2020
Lung	Normal human and IPF lung fibroblasts	↑Gls mRNA in IPF vs. normal	Choudhury et al., 2020
Lung	Human Lung fibroblasts	Absence of glutamine ↓TGF-β1 stimulated collagen and αSMA	Hamanaka et al., 2019
Lung	Human Lung fibroblasts	TGF-β1 ↑Gls and glutamine consumption	Ge et al., 2018