Table 3.
Associations between personal and clinical characteristics and intending to share details of close contacts with the NHS contact tracing service
| Characteristics | Intention to share details of close contacts | Odds ratio (95% CI) for sharing details | P value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for sharing details* | P value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for sharing details† | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probably or definitely would not or not sure (n=9138) | Probably or definitely would (n=34 299) | |||||||
| Survey wave overall | - | - | χ2(22)=132.7 | <0.001 | χ2(22)=88.4 | <0.001 | χ2(22)=89.4 | <0.001 |
| Region overall | - | - | χ2(11)=85.9 | <0.001 | χ2(11)=23.5 | 0.02 | χ2(11)=24.2 | .01 |
| Male | 4603 (23.5) | 15 013 (76.5) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Female | 4491 (19.0) | 19 207 (81.0) | 1.28 (1.22 to 1.35) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.32 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.32 to 1.48) | <0.001 |
| Raw age (per decade) (years) | Mean 44.5 (SD 16.2) | Mean 50.3 (SD 17.5) | 1.21 (1.19 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.21 to 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.20 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Age: quadratic (age−mean)2 | - | - | - | - | 1.0006 (1.0005 to 1.0007) | <0.001 | 1.0006 (1.0005 to 1.0007) | <0.001 |
| Dependent child in household: | ||||||||
| No | 6084 (20.0) | 24 410 (80.0) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 3054 (23.6) | 9889 (76.4) | 0.80 (0.76 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) | 0.97 |
| Clinically vulnerable to covid-19: | ||||||||
| No | 7238 (21.5) | 26 363 (78.5) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 1354 (16.4) | 6884 (83.6) | 1.39 (1.30 to 1.49) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.34) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.36) | <0.001 |
| Household member has chronic illness: | ||||||||
| No | 7413 (20.9) | 28 032 (79.1) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 1321 (18.9) | 5663 (81.1) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.58 | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | 0.37 |
| Employed: | ||||||||
| No | 3741 (18.9) | 16 049 (81.1) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 5157 (22.4) | 17 904 (77.6) | 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) | <0.001 |
| Highest earner works in a manual occupation: | ||||||||
| No | 6048 (19.7) | 24 633 (80.3) | Reference | - | Reference | - | - | - |
| Yes | 2876 (24.3) | 8959 (75.7) | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.94) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Socioeconomic grade | ||||||||
| ABC1 (high) | 4515 (18.7) | 19 572 (81.3) | Reference | - | - | - | Reference | - |
| C2DE | 4409 (23.9) | 14 020 (76.1) | 0.75 (0.71 to 0.79) | <0.001 | - | - | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Index of multiple deprivation fourth: | ||||||||
| 1st (least deprived) | 1580 (16.5) | 8004 (83.5) | 1.69 (1.57 to 1.83) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.28 to 1.52) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.23 to 1.47) | <0.001 |
| 2nd | 2042 (19.3) | 8544 (80.7) | 1.37 (1.28 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.04 to 1.21) | 0.004 |
| 3rd | 2600 (22.6) | 8926 (77.4) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | 0.39 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.61 |
| 4th (most deprived) | 2916 (24.8) | 8825 (75.2) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Overall | - | - | χ2(3)=206.9 | <0.001 | χ2(3)=66.9 | <0.001 | χ2(3)=54.3 | <0.001 |
| Highest educational or professional qualification: | ||||||||
| GCSE, vocational, A level, or no formal qualifications | 6313 (21.8) | 22 670 (78.2) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Degree or higher (bachelors, masters, or PhD) | 2825 (19.5) | 11 629 (80.5) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.13 to 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.23) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity: | ||||||||
| White British | 7360 (20.0) | 29 472 (80.0) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| White other | 663 (24.4) | 2053 (75.6) | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.54 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.53 |
| Mixed | 227 (26.7) | 623 (73.3) | 0.66 (0.56 to 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.97) | 0.02 | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.97) | 0.02 |
| Asian or Asian British | 483 (26.2) | 1364 (73.8) | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | 0.75 | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 0.64 |
| Black or black British | 232 (29.8) | 546 (70.2) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.91) | 0.003 | 0.74 (0.61 to 0.90) | 0.002 |
| Arab or other | 47 (28.8) | 116 (71.2) | 0.60 (0.41 to 0.87) | 0.01 | 0.67 (0.43 to 1.02) | 0.06 | 0.65 (0.43 to 1.00) | 0.05 |
| Don’t know or prefer not to say | 126 (50.2) | 125 (49.8) | 0.33 (0.25 to 0.43) | <0.001 | 0.31 (0.22 to 0.44) | <0.001 | 0.31 (0.22 to 0.44) | <0.001 |
| Overall | - | - | χ2(6)=166.0 | <0.001 | χ2(6)=56.1 | <0.001 | χ2(6)=56.7 | <0.001 |
| Live alone: | ||||||||
| No | 7209 (20.8) | 27 425 (79.2) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 1929 (21.9) | 6874 (78.1) | 0.93 (0.88 to 1.00) | 0.04 | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.77 to 0.90) | <0.001 |
| Work in key sector: | ||||||||
| No | 2759 (24.0) | 8737 (76.0) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 2981 (21.6) | 10 846 (78.4) | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.19) | 0.002 | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.19) | 0.003 |
| Self-employed‡ | ||||||||
| No | 4778 (22.3) | 16 689 (77.7) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Yes | 379 (23.8) | 1215 (76.2) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.07) | 0.34 | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 0.02 |
| Marital status: | ||||||||
| Single, separated, divorced, or widowed | 4067 (23.8) | 12 990 (76.2) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Married or partnered | 4921 (18.9) | 21 053 (81.1) | 1.31 (1.25 to 1.38) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.11 to 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.10 to 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Ever had covid-19: | ||||||||
| Think not | 7958 (20.9) | 30 056 (79.1) | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Think so, or confirmed | 1180 (21.8) | 4243 (78.2) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.47 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) | 0.01 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20) | 0.01 |
| Hardship§ | n=8660; mean 8.2 (SD 2.7) | n=33 075; mean 7.6 (SD 2.9) | 0.936 (0.928 to 0.944) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | <0.001 |
SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval. For continuous variables, odds ratios represent a one unit increase in the explanatory variable, apart from for age, when odds ratios represent a 10 year increase in age.
*
Adjusted for survey wave, region, sex, age (raw and quadratic term), dependent child in household, clinically vulnerable to covid-19, household member with a chronic illness, employment status, highest earner works in a manual occupation, index of multiple deprivation, highest educational or professional qualification, ethnicity, and living alone.
†
Adjusted for survey wave, region, sex, age (raw and quadratic term), dependent child in household, clinically vulnerable to covid-19, household member with a chronic illness, employment status, socioeconomic grade, index of multiple deprivation, highest educational or professional qualification, ethnicity, and living alone.
‡
Not adjusted for employment status as by definition all people who were asked whether they were self-employed were working.
§
From 3 (least hardship) to 15 (most hardship).