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. 2021 Mar 31;10(1):15. doi: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00271-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Language time series for the Twitter historical feed and FastText-LID classified tweets. (A) Number of languages reported by Twitter-LID (red) and classified by FastText-LID (black) since September 2008. Fluctuations in late 2012 and early 2013 for the Twitter language time series are indicative of inconsistent classifications. (B) Rate of usage by language using FastText-LID maintains consistent behavior throughout that period. The change in language distribution when Twitter was relatively immature can be readily seen—for instance, English accounted for an exceedingly high proportion of activity on the platform in 2009, owing to Twitter’s inception in an English-speaking region