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Functional groups available in proteins and corresponding surface functionalities required for coupling [37]
| Side-chain group | Amino acid | Surface functionalities |
|---|---|---|
| –NH2 | Lysine | Carboxylic acid, active ester, epoxide, aldehyde |
| –SH | Cysteine, | Maleimide, pyridyl disulfide, vinyl sulfone |
| –COOH | Aspartic acid, glutamic acid | Amine |
| –OH | Serine, threonine | Epoxide |
