Table 3.
Summary of commercially available paper test strips [68]
| Analyte | Method | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | Aurintricarboxylic acid | Beer processing, juices, food testing, mineral water, industrial water, wastewater |
| Ammonium | Neßler | Groundwater, surface water, process water, wastewater, agriculture |
| Arsenic | Modified Gutzeit test | Mineral water, groundwater, surface water, drinking water |
| Ascorbic acid | Phosphomolybdenum blue | Beer processing, food testing, juices, soft drinks |
| Calcium | Glyoxal-bis(hydroxyanil) | Beer processing, food testing, juices, milk products, mineral water, soft drinks, boiler water, cooling water, drinking water, industrial water, agriculture |
| Carbonate | Mixed indicator | Mineral water, aquaculture, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, industrial water, process water |
| Chloride | Silver chromate | Food testing, groundwater, surface water, wastewater |
| Chlorine (free) | Redox reaction | Disinfection control, wastewater |
| Copper | 2,2′-Biquinoline | Drinking water, swimming pools, wastewater, electroplating |
| Formaldehyde | Triazole | Disinfection control, process water |
| Free fatty acids | pH indicator | Food testing |
| Glucose | Enzymatic reaction | Beer processing, food testing, juices, milk products, soft drinks |
| Iron | 2,2′-Bipyridine | Food testing, juices, milk products, soft drinks, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, industrial water, wastewater |
| Lead | Rhodizonic acid | Drinking water, wastewater, agriculture |
| Manganese | Oxidation/redox indicator | Drinking water, groundwater, surface water, industrial water, wastewater |
| Nitrate | Modified Griess’ reaction | Food testing, juices, mineral water, aquaculture, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, industrial water, seawater, wastewater, agriculture |
| Nitrite | Griess’ reaction | Food testing, aquaculture, boiler water, cooling water, drinking water, industrial water, seawater, wastewater |
| Peracetic acid | Redox reaction | Disinfection control |
| Peroxidase | Enzymatic reaction | Food testing, milk products |
| Peroxide | Enzymatic reaction | Milk products, swimming pools, wastewater, disinfection control |
| Phosphate | Molybdate ion | Food testing, wastewater, agriculture |
| Potassium | Dipicrylamine | Mineral water, drinking water, industrial water, wastewater, agriculture |
| Sulfate | Ba-thorin complex | Drinking water, groundwater, surface water, industrial water, wastewater |
| Sulfite | Nitroprusside/Zn-hexacyanoferrate | Food testing, juices, mineral water, soft drinks, boiler water, cooling water, wastewater |
| Tin | Toluene-3,4-dithiol | Food testing, juices, milk products, wastewater, agriculture, disinfection control, electroplating |
| Total hardness | EDTA | Mineral water, drinking water, groundwater, surface water |
| Zinc | Dithizone | Wastewater, electroplating |