Table 1.
Previous medical history and Covid-19 course in the study population.
| Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | M | F | F | M | M | M | F |
| Age | 24 yo | 27 yo | 40 yo | 39 yo | 56 yo | 28 yo | 23 yo |
| Diagnosis | PA IVS | AVSD | TA | DILV with TGA | Dextrocardia TA with TGA |
TA | TA |
| Physiological stage | B | C | C | C | C | C | D |
| Type of Fontan | Extracardiac conduit | Extracardiac conduit | Bjork Fontan | Extracardiac conduit | Extracardiac conduit | Lateral tunnel | Extracardiac conduit |
| Previous interventions | BT shunt Glenn Fontan |
PA banding Glenn Damus-Kaye Fenestrated Fontan Fenestration closure |
Atrial septostomy BT shunt Fontan |
BT shunt Fontan |
BT shunt (x2) Glenn Fontan |
BT shunt Glenn Fontan Stenting of Fontan conduit |
Glenn Fontan Stenting of Fontan conduit |
| NYHA class | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Oxygen saturation | 90% | 92% | 89% | 96% | 88% | 94% | 96% |
| Arrhythmic history | NSVT | none | AF AVB |
none | NSVT | paroxysmal AF/AVB | none |
| Antiplatelet/anticoagulant | warfarin | aspirin | warfarin | edoxaban | aspirin | aspirin clopidogrel |
aspirin |
| Other medications | beta blockers | ACE-i | beta blockers diuretics flecainide |
beta blockers | sotalol ACE-i diuretics oxygen |
sotalol | beta blockers diuretics albumin |
| hospitalization for HF | none | none | none | none | none | none | 2 episodes in 2020 |
| MELD-XI score | 5.25 | not available | 4.41 | 8.18 | 13.44 | 5.67 | 23.25 |
| Other comorbidities | none | none | dysthyroidism Hepatitis C |
none | Restrictive lung disease | none | PLE AKI currently on dialysis Recent hemoperitoneum |
| Ventricular function | Normal (EF = 55%) | Normal (EF = 55%) | Normal (EF = 55%) | Normal (EF = 65%) | Mildly impaired (EF = 50%) | Normal (EF = 57%) | Low-normal (EF = 52%) |
| AV valve(s) regurgitation | Mild | Severe | Moderate | Mild | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Other echo findings | Normal TCPC flow | Normal TCPC flow | Grossly dilated RA Normal flow in Fontan circuit |
Moderate subaortic obstruction Normal TCPC flow |
Moderate aortic regurgitation | Normal flow in Fontan circuit | Mild residual obstruction of Fontan circuit |
| Peak VO2 | 23.4 | 25.8 | Not available | 24.3 | 10.3 | 11.2 | Not available |
| VE/VCO2 | 34 | 37.4 | Not available | 24 | 41 | 26 | Not available |
| Pro BNP nt (pg/ml) |
75 |
100 |
509 |
296 |
5411 |
140 |
570 |
| Covid-19 course | |||||||
| Symptoms | Malaise Fatigue Sore throat Cough |
Fever Sore throat Loss of smell Cough |
Fever Fatigue Myalgia Diarrhoea Cough |
Fever Fatigue |
Fever Cough Dyspnoea |
Fever Cough Myalgia Headache |
Fever Malaise Fatigue Cough Dyspnoea |
| Symptoms duration | 7 days | 10 days | 25 days | 2 days | 16 days | 7 days | not available |
| Reason for testing | Contact with a case | Symptoms | Contact with a case | Screened at work | Symptoms | Symptoms | Symptoms |
| Diagnosis | PCR test | PCR test | PCR test | Serological test | PCR test | PCR test | PCR test |
| Lowest SpO2 peak | 89% | 92% | 86% | 93% | 83% | 90% | 86% |
| Treatment | azithromycin | none | azithromycin | none | azithromycin | azithromycin | high flow oxygen steroids azithromycin |
| Outcome | Full recovery | Full recovery | Full recovery | Full recovery | Full recovery | Full recovery | Hospitalization required |
AKI = acute kidney injury, AVB = atrioventricular block, AF = atrial fibrillation, AVSD = atrioventricular septal defect, Covid-19 = Coronavirus disease 2019, CT = computed tomography, DILV = double inlet left ventricle, EF = ejection fraction, HF = heart failure, MELD-XI = Model for End-stage Liver Disease excluding INR, NSVT = non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, PA IVS = pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, PMK = pacemaker, TA = tricuspid atresia, TCPC = total cavopulmonary connection, TGA = transposition od the great arteries, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, PLE = protein losing enteropathy RA = right atrium, SpO2 = peripheral oxygen saturation.