Table 3.

Mental health status within the previous year according to tobacco and e-cigarette smoking status

	Non-smokers (n=16,966)	Smokers (n=9,239)	E-smokers (n=1,832)	p-value*	Non-smokers vs. E-smokers			Smokers vs. E-smokers
					OR(β)	95% CI	p-value*	OR(β)	95% CI	p-value†
Perceived stress				0.001	−0.075		<0.001	−0.023		0.072
Very much	741 (4.4)	420 (4.5)	128 (7.0)
A lot	3,481 (20.5)	1,928 (20.9)	534 (29.1)
A little	9,792 (57.7)	5,250 (56.8)	980 (53.5)
Hardly	2,952 (17.4)	1,641 (17.8)	190 (10.4)
Depressive episode	1,338 (13.2)	634 (11.4)	163 (14.2)	<0.001	1.957	1.560–2.456	<0.001	1.344	1.043–1.733	0.022
Experience of counseling in a psychiatric clinic	386 (3.5)	187 (3.2)	42 (3.2)	0.007	1.169	0.784–1.743	0.443	0.878	0.585–1.318	0.531
Suicidal ideation	481 (4.7)	324 (5.8)	74 (6.5)	<0.001	1.569	1.839–3.588	<0.001	1.363	0.951–1.953	0.092
Suicidal plan	183 (1.3)	138 (1.8)	38 (2.4)	<0.001	3.220	2.001–5.181	<0.001	1.944	1.223–3.092	0.005
Suicide attempts	67 (0.5)	6 (0.9)	18 (1.1)	<0.001	4.271	2.041–8.939	<0.001	1.146	0.573–2.293	0.701
Perceived stress (overall)	4,222 (24.9)	2,348 (25.4)	662 (36.1)	<0.001	1.905	1.679–2.162	<0.001	1.194	1.031–1.382	0.018

Values are presented as number (%).

^*Adjusted for age, sex, income quartile, and level of education.

^†Adjusted for age, sex, income quartile, level of education, and smoking amount (pack-years). OR: odds ratio; CIs: confidence intervals.