Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | Group 1 (n=24) | Group 2 (n=24) | Group 3 (n=22) | Group 4 (n=20) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 41.25±11.07 | 45.33±8.49 | 42.05±10.33 | 42.55±12.45 | 0.180 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 11 (45.8) | 12 (50.0) | 11 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | |
| Male | 13 (54.2) | 12 (50.0) | 11 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | |
| Height (cm) | 171.75±10.94 | 167.29±9.41 | 168.27±13.01 | 170.50±11.00 | 0.070 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.29±13.27 | 81.10±14.55 | 79.30±11.18 | 74.38±13.42 | 0.095 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.46±2.75 | 29.02±4.04 | 28.24±3.83 | 25.64±4.10 | 0.091 |
| Pain duration (mo) | 33.1±13.27 | 38±31.89 | 40.2±12.47 | 41.5±31.20 | 0.077 |
| Tobacco use | |||||
| Yes | 6 (25.0) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (25.0) | 0.090 |
| No | 18 (75.0) | 19 (79.2) | 18 (81.8) | 15 (75.0) | 0.965 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). Group 1: soft tissue mobilization+stabilization exercise; group 2: Kinesio Tape+stabilization exercise; group 3: stabilization exercise; and group 4: reflexology+stabilization exercise.
*
P<0.05.