Table 2. Latent Profiles and 6-Month Outcomes of Well-being.
| Outcome | SWLS | QOLIBRI-OS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1, B (95% CI)a | P value | Model 2, B (95% CI)b | P value | Model 1, B (95% CI)a | P value | Model 2, B (95% CI)b | P value | |
| F | 18.41 | <.001 | 26.40 | <.001 | 21.37 | <.001 | 47.16 | <.001 |
| R2 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.32 | ||||
| Age (y) | −0.02 (−0.04 to .01) | .27 | −0.031 (−0.056 to −0.001) | .03 | −0.009 (−0.012 to −0.005) | <.001 | −0.009 (−0.013 to −0.003) | .001 |
| Age (quadratic) | 0.02 (<0.01 to 0.01) | .03 | 0.001 (−0.001 to 0.002) | .42 | <0.001 (<0.001 to 0.001) | <.001 | <0.001 (<−0.001 to<−0.001) | .01 |
| Education (y) | 0.36 (0.23 to 0.50) | <.001 | 0.22 (0.09 to 0.36) | .001 | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.07) | <.001 | 0.022 (0.005 to 0.038) | .03 |
| Education (quadratic) | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06) | .02 | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06) | .001 | NA | NA | ||
| Sex | −0.09 (−0.91 to 0.73) | .83 | 0.46 (−0.32 to 1.24) | .25 | −0.13 (−0.21 to −0.03) | .01 | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.01) | .06 |
| Race (vs White) | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0.15 (−1.39 to 1.69) | .85 | 0.11 (−1.35 to 1.56) | .89 | 0.04 (−0.16 to 0.24) | .68 | 0.23 (.01 to 0.44) | .04 |
| Black | −3.47 (−4.52 to −2.41) | <.001 | −2.70 (−3.71 to −1.69) | <.001 | −0.37 (−0.51 to −0.23) | <.001 | −0.05 (−0.20 to 0.11) | .57 |
| Psychiatric history | 4.43 (3.50 to 5.36) | <.001 | 3.09 (2.19 to 3.99) | <.001 | 0.65 (0.53 to 0.77) | <.001 | 0.21 (0.07 to 0.34) | .003 |
| TBI severityc | ||||||||
| GCS 13-15 | ||||||||
| CT− | 1.62 (−0.12 to 3.35) | .07 | 2.49 (0.83 to 4.16) | .003 | 0.01 (−0.22 to 0.24) | .91 | 0.59 (0.34 to 0.84) | <.001 |
| CT+ | 1.78 (−0.04 to 3.60) | .06 | 2.42 (0.69 to 4.16) | .005 | −0.05 (−0.28 to −0.20) | .72 | 0.42 (0.16 to 0.69) | .002 |
| GCS 9-12 | 0.83 (−1.95 to 3.62) | .56 | 1.13 (−1.50 to 3.76) | .40 | −0.04 (−0.41 to 0.33) | .83 | 0.13 (−0.28 to 0.53) | .54 |
| Latent profile d | ||||||||
| Emotionally resilient | NA | NA | 7.46 (6.28 to 8.63) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.07 (0.89 to 1.25) | <.001 |
| Cognitively impaired | NA | NA | 5.12 (3.93 to 6.32) | <.001 | NA | NA | 0.40 (0.21 to 0.59) | <.001 |
| Cognitively resilient | NA | NA | 3.62 (2.57 to 4.67) | <.001 | NA | NA | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.79) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; NA, not applicable; QOLIBRI-OS, Quality of Life after Brain Injury-Overall Scale; SWLS, Satisfaction With Life Scale; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
a
Model 1 independent variables were age, sex, race, education, psychiatric history (reference group is those with a psychiatric history), and TBI severity.
b
Model 2 entered the same independent variables as model 1 with the addition of neurobehavioral latent class membership.
c
Reference Group is severe TBI (GCS 3-8).
d
Reference group is neuropsychiatrically distressed class.