Table 5.
Prognostic factors in JMML
| Standard risk | High risk |
|---|---|
| Young age | Older age of presentation |
| Normal HbF | High HbF |
| Peripheral blood and bone marrow blasts <20% | Peripheral blood and bone marrow blasts >20% |
| Germline NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11 | NF-1 mutation |
| CBL mutation | somatic NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11 mutation |
| Low methylation profile | High methylation profile |
| Monosomy 7 | Double RAS variants |
| Spontaneous regression (good prognosis) or resolution with minimal chemotherapy (good prognosis) | Complex cytogenetics AML genetic signatures |
| Remission after HSCT | Relapse after HSCT/refractory disease after HSCT |
JMML: Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; NF-1: Neurofibromin-1; CBL: Casitas B-lineage lymphoma; PTPN11: Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma; NRAS: Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma; HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant.