Table 3.
Characteristics between cohort with and without epilepsy.
| Variables | With epilepsy (n = 40) | Without epilepsy (n = 387) | P-value | x2/t value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Female sex, No./total No. (%) | 16/40 (40.0) | 178/387 (46.0) | 0.508 | 0.526 |
| Age, median (range) | 59 (38–85) | 59 (33–86) | 0.783 | n/a# |
| Education, No./total No. (%) | 0.045 | 6.105 | ||
| No more than basic | 10/40 (25.0) | 80/379 (20.7) | ||
| High school | 11/40 (27.5) | 178/379 (46.0) | ||
| Tertiary | 19/40 (47.5) | 121/379 (31.3) | ||
| Married, No./total No. (%) | 26/40 (65.0) | 259/383 (67.6) | 0.860 | 0.113 |
| NCD characteristics | ||||
| Mild NCD, No./total No. (%) | 9/40 (22.5) | 58/387 (15.0) | 0.251 | 1.547 |
| Dementia subtypes, No./total No. (%) | 0.034 | 10.185 | ||
| AD | 10/40 (25.0) | 104/387 (26.9) | ||
| VD | 5/40 (12.5) | 46/387 (11.9) | ||
| MDD | 3/40 (7.5) | 66/387 (17.1) | ||
| DLB | 2/40(5.0) | 22/387 (5.7) | ||
| PDD | 0/40 (0) | 33/387 (8.5) | ||
| MSA | 0/40 (0) | 3/387 (0.8) | ||
| PSP | 1/40 (2.5) | 3/387 (0.8) | ||
| CBD | 0/40 (0) | 5/387 (1.3) | ||
| FTD | 6/40 (15.0) | 98/387 (25.3) | ||
| Unspecified a | 16/40 (40.0) | 73/387 (18.9) | ||
| NCD onset age, No./total No. (%) | ||||
| Young-onset (<65) | 29/40 (72.5) | 292/387 (75.5) | 0.702 | 0.169 |
| ≤50 | 17/40 (42.5) | 99/387 (25.6) | 0.026 | 5.245 |
| NCD duration (years), median (range) | 3.00 (0.5–10) | 2.50 (0.5–15) | 0.107 | n/a# |
| Total NUCOGb, mean ± SD | 64.89 ± 22.03 | 66.35 ± 17.13 | 0.667 | 0.431 |
| Family history of NCD, No./total No. (%) | 13/40 (32.5) | 82/387 (21.2) | 0.111 | 2.681 |
| Neuroimagingc, No./total No. (%) | ||||
| Abnormality | 35/40 (87.5) | 328/382 (85.9) | 0.820 | 0.081 |
| Cortical atrophy | 26/40 (65.0) | 233/382 (61.0) | 0.733 | 0.245 |
| Non-specific abnormality | 22/40 (55.0) | 204/382 (53.4) | 0.847 | 0.037 |
| Small-vessel ischemic change | 18/40 (45.0) | 152/382 (39.8) | 0.612 | 0.408 |
| SPECT abnormalityd, No./total No. (%) | 26/29 (89.7) | 307/339 (90.6) | 0.748 | 0.025 |
| On ADMe, No./total No. (%) | 6/40 (15.0) | 56/387 (14.5) | ~1.000 | 0.008 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Psychiatric history, No./total No. (%) | 0.538 | 1.354 | ||
| Depression/anxiety | 18/40 (45.0) | 145/387 (37.5) | ||
| Other psychiatric disorders | 8/40 (20.0) | 70/387 (18.1) | ||
| Hypertension, No./total No. (%) | 13/40 (32.5) | 112/387 (28.9) | 0.715 | 0.222 |
| Diabetes, No./total No. (%) | 4/40 (10.0) | 58/387 (15.0) | 0.487 | 0.726 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, No./total No. (%) | 14/40 (35.0) | 158/387 (40.8) | 0.504 | 0.512 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, No./total No. (%) | 2/40 (5.0) | 22/387(5.7) | ~1.000 | 0.032 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Current smoking, No./total No. (%) | 13/40 (32.5) | 65/387 (16.8) | 0.029 | 5.988 |
| Alcohol use, No./total No. (%) | 16/40 (40.0) | 93/387 (24.0) | 0.036 | 4.863 |
AD, Alzheimer disease; VD, Vascular dementia; MD, Movement disorder associated dementia; DLB, Dementia with Lewy bodies; PDD, Dementia associated with Parkinson disease; MSA, Multiple system atrophy; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; CBD, corticobasal degeneration; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; ADM, anti-dementia medications.
not available for Mann-Whiteney U-test.
Include 4 people with mixed NCDs (3 AD/VD and 1 FTD/VD), 5 with mild cognitive impairment who did not meet diagnostic criteria for differential diagnoses, and 7 who did not meet the criterion for a specific type in the cohort with epilepsy, and 20 people with mixed NCDs (15 AD/VD, 2 FTD/VD, 2 PDD/VD, and 1 DLB/VD), 9 with mild cognitive impairment who did not meet diagnostic criteria for differential diagnoses, and 44 who did not meet the criterion for a specific type in the cohort without epilepsy.
based on the data of 30 people with epilepsy and 294 people without epilepsy.
Mostly based on MRI, 10 of them based on CT as the people (including 2 people with epilepsy) had only CT but no MRI, 5 people (all without epilepsy) had neither MRI nor CT.
based on the data of 29 people with epilepsy and 339 people without epilepsy.
before onset of epilepsy or before the last follow-up record.