Fig. 6 ∣. Low-dose DXR treatment reduces the number of persistent pS⁵⁵²-β-cat⁺ cells from MRD⁺ human leukaemia.

a, Experimental schematic of establishment and treatment of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) (see Methods). b–e, FACS analysis of diagnostic and day 29 after chemotherapy T-ALL bone marrow samples from MRD⁺ leukaemia patients. CD45⁺c-Kit⁺CD3⁺ cells (LSCs) expressing pS⁵⁵²-β-cat were enriched 4.4-fold following chemotherapy in patient 57 and 7.3-fold in patient 62. Similar results were obtained from two additional independent biological samples (Extended Data Fig. 6 and Supplementary Table 2). hCD45, human CD45. f–k, Diagnostic bone marrow samples were transplanted into NSG recipients (4 × 10⁵ cells each), treated for 5 d with vehicle or low-dose DXR at 2 weeks after transplant, and analysed by FACS for human engraftment. Shown are T-ALL blasts (CD45⁺c-Kit⁻CD3⁺), LSCs and pS⁵⁵²-p-cat⁺ LSCs. n = 10 (patient 57 vehicle), 9 (patient 57 low-dose DXR), 5 (patient 62 vehicle) and 7 (patient 62 low-dose DXR) biologically independent mice; data are mean ± s.d. Unpaired two-tailed t-test. l–n, Relapsed or refractory adult patients with AML received one cycle of low-dose DNR (6.75 mg m⁻² daily for 5 d (days 1–5). Pre-treatment (day 0) and post-treatment bone marrow samples were collected and analysed by FACS. l, Representative FACS plots showing gating strategy for analysis. m,n, LSCs (identified as CD45⁺CD34⁺CD38⁻TIM-3⁺ cells) and pS⁵⁵²-β-cat⁺ LSCs were quantified according to gating represented in l before and post-low-dose DNR treatment as indicated. n = 10 individual patient samples, pre- and post-treatment samples were analysed individually (m,n).