Table 3.
Primary outcomes and main conclusions of the included studies.
| Author | Sample | Intervention | Control | Primary outcomes | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao19 | 99 intervention, 100 control | Lopinavir–ritonavir | Standard care | Time to clinical improvement | No benefit was observed with lopinavir–ritonavir |
| Hung20 | 86 intervention, 41 control | Lopinavir–ritonavir–ribavirin–interferon Beta-1b | Lopinavir–ritonavir | Time to virological clearance | Triple viral treatment was superior to lopinavir–ritonavir alone |
| Wang18 | 158 intervention, 79 control | Remdesivir | Placebo | Time to clinical improvement | No benefit was observed with remdesivir |
| Chen9 | 15 intervention, 15 control | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | Virological clearance | No benefit was observed with hydroxychloroquine |
| Gautret21 | 20 intervention, 16 control | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | Virological clearance | Hydroxychloroquine is significantly associated with viral load reduction |
| Tang22 | 75 intervention, 75 control | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | Virological clearance | No benefit was observed with hydroxychloroquine |
| Borba10 | 41 intervention, 40 control | Chloroquine high dosage | Chloroquine low dosage | Reduction in lethality | Higher doses of chloroquine should not be administered |
| RECOVERY23 | 2104 intervention, 4321 control | Dexamethasone | Standard care | Mortality at day 28 | Dexamethasone resulted in lower mortality |
| Li24 | 52 intervention, 50 control | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | Time to clinical improvement | No benefit was observed with convalescent plasma |
| Spinner8 | 197 intervention A, 199 intervention B, 200 control |
A: remdesivir 10 days B: remdesivir 5 days |
Standard care | Time to clinical improvement | No difference was observed with the remdesivir 10-days group |
| A difference was observed in the remdesivir 5-days group, with uncertain clinical importance | |||||
| Tomazini25 | 151 intervention 148 control |
Dexamethasone | Standard care | The mean number of days alive and free from mechanical ventilation during the first 28 days | The mean number of days alive and free from mechanical ventilation during the first 28 days was higher in the intervention group |