Figure 3.

The University of Tokyo joint laxity test.¹⁹ The laxity at 6 major joints of the body (bilaterally at the hip, knee, leg, shoulder, elbow, wrist) and of the spine was examined. The assessment criteria were (1) thumb touches the forearm, (2) hyperextension of the elbows ≥15°, (3) gripping fingers behind the back, (4) hyperextension of the knee ≥10° (genu recurvatum), (5) passive dorsiflexion of the ankle ≥45°, (6) forward flexion of the trunk with the knees straight in the standing position and the palms of the hands resting on the floor, and (7) external rotation of the hip in the standing position and the toes open ≥180°. Each item was assigned a value of 1 point (0.5 point each for the left and right sides for bilateral joints), for a total of 7 points.