Table 4.
Results from the generalized linear model to predict the direct non-specific medical costs (EUR) by self-reported mental distress, controlled for socio-demographic characteristics of the sample
| Non-specific costs in the first year | Non-specific costs in the second year | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | 95% CI | Exp(B) | 95% CI | p-value | M | 95% CI | Exp(B) | 95% CI | p-value | |||||
| Constant | 1217.15 | 1016.57 | 1457.31 | < .001 | 1302.23 | 1082.57 | 1566.46 | < .001 | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Malea | 2799.9 | 2174.8 | 3604.7 | 1.00 | 3142.1 | 2415.0 | 4088.0 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Female | 3191.1 | 2527.0 | 4029.9 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 1.30 | .053 | 3207.3 | 2507.0 | 4103.3 | 1.02 | 0.89 | 1.17 | .761 |
| Age groups | ||||||||||||||
| 18–33 yearsa | 2682.3 | 2078.7 | 3461.0 | 1.00 | 2760.1 | 2111.1 | 3608.7 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 34–49 years | 3008.9 | 2370.6 | 3819.0 | 1.12 | 0.99 | 1.27 | .072 | 3099.7 | 2413.6 | 3980.9 | 1.12 | 0.98 | 1.28 | .083 |
| 50–65 years | 3309.2 | 2613.7 | 4189.8 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 1.40 | .001 | 3739.3 | 2917.0 | 4793.3 | 1.35 | 1.19 | 1.54 | < .001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Marrieda | 2947.5 | 2330.6 | 3727.7 | 1.00 | 3055.6 | 2387.9 | 3909.9 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Not married | 3031.3 | 2380.1 | 3860.7 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.13 | .545 | 3298.1 | 2557.3 | 4253.5 | 1.08 | 0.98 | 1.19 | .108 |
| Years of school education | ||||||||||||||
| 13 years (A-Level)a | 3059.7 | 2401.1 | 3899.0 | 1.00 | 2833.3 | 2193.2 | 3660.3 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 10 years | 2870.0 | 2267.9 | 3632.0 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 1.04 | .221 | 2609.4 | 2033.0 | 3349.1 | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.03 | .131 |
| 9 years | 3123.5 | 2466.3 | 3955.8 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 1.15 | .731 | 3620.8 | 2822.6 | 4644.8 | 1.28 | 1.13 | 1.44 | < .001 |
| No school-leaving certificate | 2910.6 | 2099.8 | 4034.4 | 0.95 | 0.73 | 1.23 | .707 | 3793.8 | 2732.5 | 5267.5 | 1.34 | 1.04 | 1.73 | .024 |
| Employment Status | ||||||||||||||
| Employeda | 2111.4 | 1923.4 | 2317.9 | 1.00 | 2474.8 | 2253.9 | 2717.2 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Unemployed | 4231.7 | 2693.3 | 6648.7 | 2.00 | 1.27 | 3.16 | .003 | 4072.2 | 2522.1 | 6574.8 | 1.65 | 1.01 | 2.67 | .044 |
| Mental distress category (HADS) | ||||||||||||||
| No casea | 2031.0 | 1588.2 | 2597.4 | 1.00 | 2259.5 | 1744.5 | 2926.6 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mild case | 2329.7 | 1810.8 | 2997.2 | 1.15 | 1.03 | 1.27 | .010 | 2635.1 | 2024.0 | 3430.7 | 1.17 | 1.05 | 1.30 | .005 |
| Moderate case | 3048.4 | 2389.3 | 3889.4 | 1.50 | 1.36 | 1.66 | < .001 | 3292.0 | 2546.0 | 4256.6 | 1.46 | 1.31 | 1.62 | < .001 |
| Severe case | 5543.7 | 4273.8 | 7167.5 | 2.73 | 2.30 | 3.23 | < .001 | 5181.3 | 3952.3 | 6792.3 | 2.29 | 1.92 | 2.74 | < .001 |
Note. N = 2.287. t0 Assessment of predictor variables, M Mean non-specific direct costs in Euro per person and year, CI 95% confidence interval, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. areference category. Method = log-link function, Tweedie-distribution of residuals