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. 2021 Mar 31;12:221. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02290-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The identification of ADSCs and ADSC-Exo. a Optical morphology of human ADSCs under light field microscope, scale bars = 400 μm. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiations measured by Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red S staining, scale bars = 100 μm. b Representative flow cytometry analysis of ADSCs, the expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers (CD29 96.6%, CD44 98.9%, CD73 97.7%, CD90 98.3%) and hematopoietic stem cell surface markers (CD34 1.4%, CD45 1.7%). c The morphology of ADSC-Exo analyzed by TEM, scale bar = 200 nm. d The particle size distribution of ADSC-Exo measured by NTA. e Immunoblot analysis of known exosomal markers (CD9, CD63) and negative markers (CD68). f Representative images of the internalization of PKH-26-labeled ADSC-Exo into HSFs, scale bars = 25 μm