Table 1.
Primary end point | Composite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine from baseline, or death due to kidney or cardiovascular disease |
Secondary kidney end points | Composite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine, or kidney death |
Composite of kidney failure or kidney death | |
Composite of KRT initiation (dialysis for ≥30 days or kidney transplantation) or kidney death | |
Kidney failure | |
Doubling of serum creatinine | |
Composite of kidney failure, or kidney or cardiovascular death | |
Secondary cardiovascular end points | Composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure |
Major adverse cardiovascular events composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke | |
Hospitalization for heart failure | |
Cardiovascular death | |
Death from any cause | |
Composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure or unstable angina | |
Intermediate outcomes | Change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio |
Acute, chronic, and total eGFR slope | |
Change in glycated hemoglobin | |
Change in body weight | |
Change in systolic BP | |
Safety outcomes | |
Kidney-related safety outcomes | Composite of AKI, anuria, azotemia, blood creatinine increased, blood urea increased, eGFR decreased, nephropathy toxic, renal failure, and renal impairment |
AKI | |
Other safety outcomes | Volume depletion |
Hyperkalemia | |
Urinary tract infections | |
Hypoglycemia |
Table adapted from efficacy and end points of Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE).