Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of the study patients
| Variables | Patients without pneumonia (n = 338) | Patients with pneumonia (n = 253) | P_value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.377 | ||
| Male | 303 (0.896) | 220 (0.87) | |
| Female | 35 (0.104) | 33 (0.13) | |
| Height (cm) | 168.45 (6.285) | 167.812 (13.067) | 0.997 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.803 (11.661) | 65.24 (10.416) | 0.373 |
| Body Mass Index | 22.836 (3.676) | 22.855 (3.521) | 0.527 |
| Age (y) | 50.68 (11.129) | 50.423 (10.794) | 0.778 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension (n) | 30 (0.089) | 28 (0.111) | 0.455 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n) | 54 (0.16) | 30 (0.119) | 0.194 |
| Myocardial infarction (n) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Coronary artery disease (n) | 5 (0.015) | 1 (0.004) | 0.376 |
| History of smoking (n) | 86 (0.254) | 72 (0.285) | 0.468 |
| Alcohol abuse (n) | 88 (0.26) | 51 (0.202) | 0.117 |
| Previous surgical history (n) | 20 (0.059) | 24 (0.095) | 0.14 |
| Etiology for liver transplantation | |||
| Hepatitis B (n) | 252 (0.746) | 196 (0.775) | 0.471 |
| Hepatitis C (n) | 8 (0.024) | 3 (0.012) | 0.457 |
| Dual infection (n) | 4 (0.012) | 2 (0.008) | 0.955 |
| Hepatic malignancy (n) | 129 (0.382) | 123 (0.486) | 0.014 |
| Drug-induced liver injury (n) | 5 (0.015) | 2 (0.008) | 0.703 |
| Alcohol-related liver disease (n) | 16 (0.047) | 5 (0.02) | 0.117 |
| Auto-immune hepatitis (n) | 1 (0.003) | 2 (0.008) | 0.801 |
| Hepatolenticular degeneration (n) | 2 (0.006) | 4 (0.016) | 0.44 |
| Hemochromatosis (n) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| Hematocrit (HCT) | 0.323 (0.082) | 0.299 (0.071) | < 0.001 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 99.935 (85.816) | 104.597 (75.634) | 0.105 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.844 (5.013) | 7.344 (4.183) | 0.002 |
| WBC > 11.2 * 109/L (n) | 45 (0.133) | 33 (0.13) | 0.979 |
| ALT (U/L) | 99.251 (201.942) | 192.17 (609.322) | 0.046 |
| AST (U/L) | 124.861 (223.034) | 268.905 (850.699) | 0.625 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 224.753 (262.801) | 263.291 (256.749) | 0.008 |
| IBIL (μmol/L) | 92.198 (96.445) | 88.781 (106.336) | 0.071 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.71 (5.009) | 35.73 (4.953) | 0.008 |
| Last SCr (μmol/L) | 89.571 (71.798) | 92.911 (76.955) | 0.675 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.539 (5.074) | 6.214 (5.313) | 0.356 |
| PT (s) | 23.411 (13.079) | 25.313 (12.233) | 0.005 |
| APTT (s) | 51.496 (20.168) | 54.365 (18.819) | 0.006 |
| FIB (g/L) | 1.904 (1.226) | 2.324 (1.792) | 0.001 |
| INR | 2.163 (1.651) | 2.396 (1.505) | 0.003 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.865 (0.509) | 3.829 (0.497) | 0.396 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 138.338 (5.065) | 139.489 (5.409) | 0.015 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.328 (0.217) | 2.35 (0.209) | 0.106 |
| HCO3− (mmol/L) | 22.698 (3.563) | 23.21 (6.124) | 0.551 |
| Complications and treatments | |||
| MELD score | 16 (9–29) | 30 (17–38) | < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis (n) | 273 (0.808) | 190 (0.751) | 0.12 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (n) | 3 (0.009) | 1 (0.004) | 0.83 |
| Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n) | 10 (0.03) | 3 (0.012) | 0.242 |
| Hepato-renal syndrome (n) | 12 (0.036) | 9 (0.036) | 0.826 |
| Hepatopulmonary syndrome (n) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (n) | 69 (0.204) | 59 (0.233) | 0.455 |
| Portal hypertension (n) | 180 (0.533) | 119 (0.47) | 0.158 |
| Ascites (n) | 137 (0.405) | 95 (0.375) | 0.516 |
| Preoperative length of stay (d) | 12 (4–27) | 3 (0–15) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative ICU stay (n) | 185 (0.547) | 147 (0.581) | 0.464 |
| Preoperative dialysis (n) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.008) | 0.357 |
| Preoperative continuous blood purification | 51 (0.151) | 32 (0.126) | 0.468 |
| Mechanical ventilation (n) | 19 (0.056) | 10 (0.04) | 0.461 |
| Hypokalemia (n) | 81 (0.24) | 59 (0.233) | 0.933 |
| Hyperkalemia (n) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Hyponatremia (n) | 81 (0.24) | 36 (0.142) | 0.005 |
| Hypernatremia (n) | 15 (0.044) | 24 (0.095) | 0.023 |
| Hypocalcemia (n) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| Hypercalcemia (n) | 13 (0.038) | 11 (0.043) | 0.924 |
| Metabolic acidosis (n) | 149 (0.441) | 103 (0.407) | 0.462 |
Data were expressed as frequency (proportion). Continuous variables were presented as mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range). The bold emphasis means that p < 0.05
WBC white blood cell, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate amino transferase, TBIL total bilirubin, IBIL indirect bilirubin, ALB albumin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, FIB fibrinogen, INR international normalized ratio