Table 4.

Results From Bivariate Metaregression Analyses of Sexual Orientation Concealment and Mental Health Problems as a Function of Study and Sample Characteristics

Measure	Bivariate analyses
	Internalizing mental health problems				Substance use problems
	B	SE	95% CI	p	B	SE	95% CI	p
Study characteristics
Type of sexual orientation concealment measure
1. Lack of active disclosure	−0.075	0.030	[−0.133, −0.016]	0.012	—	—	—	—
2. Lack of open behavior	0.080	0.018	[0.044, 0.116]	<.001	0.016	0.028	[−0.040, 0.074]	.551
3. Lack of general openness	−0.004	0.020	[−0.043, 0.035]	0.853	0.002	0.028	[−0.061, 0.056]	.934
4. Lack of public knowledge	−0.089	0.025	[−0.138, −0.040]	<.001	−0.037	0.042	[−0.123, 0.048]	.383
Time period (year of data collection)	0.005	0.001	[0.002, 0.008]	<.001	−0.004	0.005	[−0.009, 0.009]	.932
Study location (North America vs. other regions)	−0.002	0.021	[−0.043, 0.039]	0.928	−0.046	0.589	[−0.166, 0.074]	.440
Studies using dichotomous measure of concealment	−0.218	0.055	[−0.326, −0.110]	<.001	—	—	—	—
Studies using dichotomous measure of mental health	−0.142	0.052	[−0.244, −0.039]	0.007	−0.065	0.030	[−0.126, −0.005]	.036
Sample characteristics
Mean age of participants	−0.003	0.001	[−0.0045, −0.0006]	0.011	−0.0006	0.004	[−0.008, 0.007]	.879
Proportion male vs. female	0.0001	0.0003	[−0.0004, 0.0006]	0.732	0.0002	0.0003	[−0.0004, 0.0009]	.480
Proportion completed some college or above	0.0007	0.0005	[−0.0003, 0.002]	0.171	−0.0004	0.0008	[−0.0021, 0.0013]	.651
Proportion racial/ethnic minority	0.020	0.029	[−0.036, 0.077]	0.478	−0.132	0.118	[−0.109, 0.374]	.271
Samples of exclusive bisexual composition	−0.099	0.044	[−0.186, −0.011]	0.027	—	—	—	—