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. 2021 Mar 31;10:24. doi: 10.1186/s40164-021-00220-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — BM-MSC-exos increased the stemness and chemoresistance of leukemia cells. a-d Leukemia cells were cocultured with BM-MSC-exos or treated with PBS, and the CD34 (a,b) and CD123 (c,d) cell populations were determined. e–h Colony formation assays showed that the cell colony forming ability was enhanced upon coculture with BM-MSC-exos. i, j The expression of stemness genes (OCT4, BMI1, KLF4, NANOG and SOX2) in leukemia cells (KASUMI-1 (i) and THP-1 (j)) was increased upon treatment with BM-MSC-exos. k Drug resistance assay. Leukemia cells (THP-1) were treated with different concentrations of Ara-C with or without BM-MSC-exos. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3; *P < 0.05; n.s., not significant; cells cultured with BM-MSC-exos vs. cells cultured with PBS; Student’s t-test)