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. 2020 Dec 24;33(4):197–209. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa079

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Indirect effects of the gut microbiota on systemic immunity. The intestinal microbiota can modulate host systemic immunity through several indirect mechanisms via local stimulation of epithelial and immune cells which are then communicated to distal sites. GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue; MATE, microbial adhesion-triggered endocytosis.