Table 3.
*: Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios associated with receipt of pharmacotherapy
| Characteristic/Comorbidity | Unadjusted odds ratio |
95% Confidence interval |
Adjusted odds ratio** |
95% Confidence interval** |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male vs. Female | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 0.84 |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18-34 (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 35-44 | 5.16 | 3.41 | 7.80 | 3.72 | 1.75 | 7.89 |
| 45-54 | 11.3 | 7.45 | 17.1 | 5.98 | 2.81 | 12.7 |
| 55-65 | 10.3 | 6.83 | 15.6 | 5.13 | 2.42 | 10.9 |
| >65 | 10.1 | 6.64 | 15.3 | 4.77 | 2.24 | 10.1 |
| Provider specialty | ||||||
| Primary care physician (PMD, Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Primary care NP | 1.01 | 0.70 | 1.48 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 1.46 |
| Primary care PA | 1.10 | 0.66 | 1.83 | 1.13 | 0.68 | 1.89 |
| Psychiatry MD | 1.23 | 1.10 | 1.38 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 1.41 |
| Psychiatry NP | 1.42 | 0.72 | 2.81 | 1.33 | 0.67 | 2.65 |
| Psychologist | 0.63 | 0.51 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 0.84 |
| Addiction treatment specialist | 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.97 |
| Comorbid medical sequelae of AUD | ||||||
| Acute alcohol intoxication | 1.20 | 0.70 | 2.04 | |||
| Alcohol withdrawal & related neuropsychiatric sequelae | 1.68 | 0.96 | 2.94 | |||
| Alcohol-related liver disease | 0.73 | 0.36 | 1.46 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.88 |
| Personal history of AUD | 2.93 | 0.68 | 12.5 | |||
| Comorbid direct alcohol-attributable medical diseases | ||||||
| Liver cirrhosis & associated sequelae | 0.42 | 0.13 | 1.31 | |||
| HIV | 1.64 | 0.40 | 6.78 | |||
| Comorbid mental health diagnoses | ||||||
| Schizophrenic disorders | 1.95 | 0.61 | 6.29 | |||
| Major depressive disorders | 1.83 | 1.63 | 2.07 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 1.41 |
| Bipolar affective disorders | 2.20 | 1.65 | 2.93 | |||
| Anxiety disorders | 1.95 | 1.74 | 2.18 | 1.41 | 1.21 | 1.64 |
| Mood disorders NOS | 1.75 | 1.27 | 2.42 | |||
| Psychosis NOS | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.88 | |||
| Personality disorders | 1.53 | 0.68 | 3.48 | |||
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.90 | 1.34 | 2.71 | |||
| Comorbid substance use disorders | ||||||
| Opioid use disorders | 1.31 | 1.14 | 1.50 | |||
| Benzodiazepine & sedative use disorders | 1.62 | 1.27 | 2.07 | |||
| Cocaine use disorders | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.93 | |||
| Cannabis use disorders | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.67 |
| Amphetamine use disorders | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.93 | |||
| Polysubstance use disorders | 1.33 | 0.87 | 2.04 | |||
| Tobacco use disorders | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.87 | |||
*
N=123,355. Comorbidities without data for AUD pharmacotherapy receipt are omitted
**
Correlates determined only for those subjects in which provider data is available (N=36,852)