Table 1.

Summary of PNPs for targeting injured vessels to treat vascular diseases

Disease	Core	Cargo	Ref.
Atherosclerosis	PLGA nanoparticles	Fluorescent dye	[29]
		Rapamycin (used as an immunosuppressant)	[31]
		Inserted with lipid-chelated gadolinium (an MRI contrast agent) in the membrane	[27]
Angioplasty-induced restenosis	PLGA nanoparticles	Docetaxel (a cytotoxic drug)	[33]
	Poly(amidoamine)-polyvalerolactone nanoclusters	JQ1 (an endothelium-protective epigenetic inhibitor)	[34]
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injuries	PLGA nanoparticles	Secretome of cardiac stem cells (promote cardiac repair and regeneration)	[36]
Ischemic stroke	Sulfur hexafluoride gas	Sulfur hexafluoride gas	[38]
	Dextran nanoparticles	ZL006e (a neuroprotectant) and rt-PA (a thrombolytic drug)	[39]
	Iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles	L-arginine (a precursor for biosynthesis of nitric oxide gas)	[40]
Pulmonary embolism	Gold nanorods	Urokinase plasminogen activator (a thrombolytic drug)	[47]
	PLGA nanoparticles	rtPA	[44]