. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 31.

Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2011 Nov 15;31(4):366–382. doi: 10.1002/sim.4410

Table V.

Simulation results for aggregate specifications for contemporaneous volume: mean of estimated regression coefficients (mean ${\hat{β}}_{2}$ ), mean of standard error estimates (mean SE), empirical standard error of estimated regression coefficients (ESE ${\hat{β}}_{2}$ ), and percent coverage of 95% confidence intervals (% coverage).

Volume specification	Method	Mean ${\hat{β}}_{2}$	Mean SE	ESE ${\hat{β}}_{2}$	% coverage
Yearly total	IEE	0.025	0.015	0.015	63
	GEE	0.003	0.016	0.016	16
	LMM-RI	0.003	0.006	0.016	2
	LMM-RS	0.008	0.011	0.011	4
Yearly average	IEE	0.099	0.036	0.036	72
	GEE	0.099	0.036	0.035	72
	LMM-RI	0.098	0.036	0.035	73