Table I.
Baseline characteristics and exercise regimen during cardiac rehabilitation in spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)
| Patient no. | Age, years/Sex | AACVPR category | Type of exercise | Initial | 30 days | 60 days | 90 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 43/M | High | Aerobic Resistance |
24 min 4.7 (4.1) Treadmill Biking None |
34 min 4.9 (4.5) Treadmill Biking Airdyne (1 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (40 ChePr)* 6th weeks |
34 min 6.1 (5.6) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (50 BaRo, 50 ChePr, × BaSq)* |
36 min 7.9 (6.5) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (55 BaRo, 55 ChePr, × BaSq)* |
| II | 53/F | Intermediate | Aerobic Resistance |
30 min 5.7 (4.3) Treadmill Biking Airdyne (3 exer-12 reps-1 set) 3rd week (5 BeRo, 5 BiC, 5TEx)* |
30 min 5 (4.7) Treadmill Elliptical Rowing machine (5 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BeRo, 8 BiC, 8 TEx, 8 UpRo, 5 FroRa)* |
45 min 5.0 (4.1) Treadmill Elliptical Rowing machine Biking (6 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BeRo, 8 BiC, 8 TEx, 8 UprRo, 5 FroRa, 6 BaSq)* |
35 min 5.2 (4.9) Treadmill Elliptical Hand weight (6 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BeRo, 8 BiC, 8 TEx, 8 UpRo, 5 FroRa, 6 BaSq)* |
| III | 30/M | Low | Aerobic Resistance |
30 min 5.7 (4.8) Treadmill Airdyne Rowing machine (3 exer-15 reps-1 set) 3rd week (30 ChesPr, 35 UppBa, 50 Abd)* |
45 min 11.5 (7.8) Treadmill Airdyne Rowing machine (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (30 ChesPr, 35 UppBa, 50 Abd)* |
45-50 min 11.5 (8.1) Treadmill Elliptical Airdyne (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (30 ChesPr, 35 UppBa, 50 Abd)* |
36 min 9.0 (6.7) Treadmill Treadmill Elliptical (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (35 ChesPr, 35 UppBa, 50 Abd)* |
| IV | 39/F | Low | Aerobic Resistance |
30 min 4.2 (3.8) Treadmill Biking Airdyne (2 exer-12 reps-1 set) 3rd week (5 BiC, 5 UpRo)* |
37 min 5.5 (4.7) Treadmill Biking Airdyne (3 exer-12 reps-1 set) (5 BiC, 5 UpRo, 5 TEx)* |
40 min 6.0 (4.9) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine Airdyne (5 exer-12 reps-1 set) (5 BiC, 5 UpRo, 5 TEx, 15s PlaH, × BaSq)* |
45 min 6.0 (5.5) Treadmill Biking Elliptical Rowing machine (5 exer-12 reps-1 set) (8 BiC, 8 UpRo, 8 TEx, 15s PlaH, × BaSq)* |
| V | 47/F | Low | Aerobic Resistance |
10 min (7/7) 3.3 Biking (2 exer-12 reps-2 sets) 4th week (8 ChPr, 8 BacRow)* |
24 min (8/4) 4.4 (4.2) Treadmill Biking (2 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (10 ChePr, 8 BaRo)* |
32 min 5 (4.7) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine (6 exer-12-15-1/2 sets) (12 ChePr, 10 BaRo, 5 BiC, 3 Tex, 5 UpRo, 3 FroRa)* |
32 min 5.2 (4.6) Treadmill Biking (6 exer-12-15-1/2s ets) (12 ChePr, 10 BaRo, 5 BiC, 3 Tex, 5 UpRo, 3 FroRa)* |
| VI | 57/F | Intermediate | Aerobic Resistance |
15 min 2.6 (2.6) Treadmill (4 exer-12 reps-1 set) 3rd week (3 BiC, 3 TEx, 3 UpRo, 3 BaRo)* |
20 min 3.6 (3.3) Treadmill Biking (4 exer-12 reps-1 set) (3 BiC, 3 TEx, 3 UpRo, 3 BaRo)* |
36 min 5.2 (3.8) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine (4 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (4 BiC, 4 TEx, 4 UpRow, 4 BaRo)* |
42 min 5.2 (3.8) Treadmill Biking Rowing machine (4 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (5 BiC, 5 TEx, 5 UpRo, 5 BaRo)* |
| VII | 45/F | Low | Aerobic Resistance |
30 min 5.7 (5.6) Treadmill Biking None |
40 min 5.7 (5.7) Treadmill Rowing machine (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (8 BiC, 8 TEx, 8 UpRo)* |
50 min*** 5.7 (5.7) Treadmill Biking (5 exer-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BiC, 8 Tr, 8 UpRo, 8 BaRo, 8 FroRa)* |
Enrolled for 6 weeks only |
| VIII | 55/F | Intermediate | Aerobic Resistance |
35 min 5.6 (5.4) Treadmill Airdyne (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (25 ChePr, 25 UppBac, 133 LegPR)* |
35 min 5.5 (5.5) Rowing machine Airdyne (6 exer-15 reps-1/3 sets) (20 ChePr, 20 UpBa, 133 LegPr, 15 Creball, 15 TweBal, 15 WaSq)* |
35 min 5.5 (5.4) Rowing machine Airdyne 5 (6 exer-15 reps-1/3 sets) (20 ChePr, 20 UpBa, 133 LegPr, 15 Creball, 15 TweBal, 15 WaSq)* |
40 min 9.1 (7.3) Treadmill Rowing machine (6 exer-15 reps-1/3 sets) (20 ChePr, 20 UpBa, 133 LegPr, 15 Creball, 15 TweBal, 15 WaSq)* |
| IX | 48/F | Low | Aerobic Resistance |
32 min 5.5 (4.2) Treadmill Bike Airdyne None |
44 min 4.1 (3.9) Treadmill Biking (3 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (BiC, Tex, FroRow) |
44 min*** 6.3 (5.3) Treadmill Biking (5 exer-15 reps-2 sets) (BiC, Tex, FroRow, BackRow, UpRow) |
Enrolled for 6 weeks |
| X | 45/F | Intermediate | Aerobic Resistance |
30 min 3.8 (3.8) Treadmill Biking Elliptical (3 exer-10-12 reps-2 sets) 2nd week (8 BiC, 8 TEx, 5 Lat)* |
42 min 6.3 (6.3) Treadmill Biking Elliptical (4 exer-10-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BiC, 8 TEx, 5 Lat, × BaSq)* |
42 min 8.3 (8.3) Treadmill Biking Elliptical (6 exer-10-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BiC, 8 TEx, 5 Lat, × BaSq, 50s PlaH, 35 ChePr, 20 BaRo)* |
42 min 8.3 (8.3) Treadmill Biking Elliptical (6 exer-10-12 reps-2 sets) (8 BiC, 8 TEx, 5 Lat, × BaSq, 50s PlaH, 40 ChePr, 30 BaRo)* |
(Weight in pounds, x: no weight, s: seconds of plank holding).
Resistance exercises: BiC: biceps curls; TEx: triceps extension; Lat: lateral raise; BaSq: ball squats; PlaH: plank holding; BaRo: back row; BeRo: bent row; UpRo: upright row; ChePR: chest press; FroRA: front raise; Abd: abdominal crunch; UppBa: upper back; LegPr: leg press, CreBall: crunch with ball; TweBa: twist with ball.
AACVPR: American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; AACVPR risk categories: Low risk: If all of these are met (left ventricular ejection fraction >50%, No resting or exercise-induced complex dysrhythmias, Uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI), Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, angioplasty, atherectomy, or stent, Absence of chronic heart failure (CHF) or signs/symptoms indicating post-event ischaemia, Normal haemodynamic and ECG responses with exercise and in recovery, Asymptomatic with exercise or in recovery, including absence of angina, Maximal functional capacity at least 7.0 metabolic equivalents (METs), absence of clinical depression or depressive symptoms); Intermediate risk: Not in low- or high-risk category (left ventricular ejection fraction=40-50%, signs/symptoms including angina at “moderate” levels of exercise (60-75% of maximal functional capacity) or in recovery, Mild to moderate silent ischaemia ST depression less than 2 mm) with exercise or in recovery); High risk: If 1 or more than 1 present (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, Survivor of cardiac arrest or sudden death, Complex ventricular dysrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, frequent [> 6/min] multiform premature ventricular complexes) at rest or with exercise, MI or cardiac surgery complicated by cardiogenic shock, CHF, and/or signs/symptoms of post-procedure ischaemia, Abnormal haemodynamics with exercise, especially flat or decreasing systolic blood pressure or chronotropic incompetence with increasing workload, Significant silent ischaemia (ST depression 2 mm or greater without symptoms) with exercise or in recovery, Signs/symptoms including angina pectoris, dizziness, light-headedness or dyspnoea at low levels of exercise (< 5.0 METs) or in recovery, maximal functional capacity less than 5.0 METs, clinically significant depression or depressive symptoms) ***Data at completion of limited cardiac rehabilitation (CR) (CR ended prior to day 60).