Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of patients with moderate or severe ARDS by COVID-19 where DEX, HFNO and long awake PP sessions were used (No = 63).
| Characteristics |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Long PP and HFNO treatment No = 63 |
Long PP and HFNO Success No = 43 (68.3%) |
Long PP and HFNO Failure No = 20 (31.7%) |
P value |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 67 ± 12 | 67 ± 11 | 66 ± 13 | 1 |
| Weight, Kg, mean (SD) | 84 ± 15 | 83 ± 14 | 86 ± 15 | 0.92 |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 47 | 34 (72.3%) | 13 (27.7%) | 0.83 |
| BMI, Kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30 ± 5.1 | 30 ± 4.9 | 32 ± 5.3 | 0.55 |
| Coexisting conditions, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (48%) | 22 (51%) | 8 (40%) | 0.99 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 29 (46%) | 23 (53%) | 6 (30%) | 0.59 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg m-2) | 27 (43%) | 16 (37%) | 11 (55%) | 0.76 |
| Diabetes | 12 (19%) | 10 (23%) | 2 (10%) | 0.83 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 6 (9.5%) | 3 (7.0%) | 3 (15%) | 0.99 |
| Chronic Heart disease | 5 (7.9%) | 3 (7.0%) | 2 (10%) | 1 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (4.8%) | 1 (2.3%) | 2 (10%) | 0.94 |
| Home treatments, No. (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 2 (3.2%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Anticoagulants | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 |
| Corticosteroids | 9 (14%) | 5 (12%) | 4 (20%) | 0.99 |
| Statins | 34 (54%) | 24 (56%) | 10 (50%) | 1 |
| Laboratory parameters, median (IR) | ||||
| Lymphocyte count, /μL | 550 [385–680] | 580 [410–755] | 475 [310–612] | 0.55 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L, | 560 [358–768] | 548 [364–724] | 590 [340–938] | 0.83 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL, | 948 [631–1740] | 868 [679–1739] | 974 [614–1668] | 1 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L. | 11 [4.7–18] | 11 [4.6–18] | 11 [6.6–22] | 1 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.1 [0.075–0.24] | 0.1 [0.065–0.22] | 0.14 [0.098–0.44] | 0.76 |
| Serum Ferritin, μg/L | 1130 [650–1585] | 1222 [650–1585] | 1028 [673–1594] | 1 |
| Initial severity of disease, median (IR) | ||||
| APACHE II | 14 [11–17] | 13 [11–16] | 16 [13–17] | 0.52 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 62 [56–68] | 64 [57–69] | 59 [56–65] | 0.69 |
| FiO2, % | 65 [55–90] | 60 [55–90] | 70 [58–90] | 1 |
| PaO2:FiO2 ratio, | 93 [72–108] | 92 [72–107] | 98 [71–114] | 1 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 90 [88–92] | 90 [88–92] | 90 [88–91] | 0.76 |
| StO2:FiO2 ratio | 135 [99–162] | 136 [97–162] | 131 [100–158] | 1 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths per min | 27 [25–32] | 26 [25–31] | 29 [26–32] | 0.7 |
| Hospital medical treatments, No. (%) | ||||
| Remdesivir | 12 (19%) | 9 (21%) | 3 (15%) | 1 |
| Intermediate anticoagulant dose | 23 (37%) | 19 (44%) | 4 (20%) | 0.55 |
| High anticoagulant dose | 36 (57%) | 22 (51%) | 14 (70%) | 0.76 |
| Tocilizumab | 30 (48%) | 20 (47%) | 10 (50%) | 1 |
| Anakinra | 6 (9.5%) | 4 (9.3%) | 2 (10%) | 1 |
| Corticosteroids | 59 (94%) | 41 (95%) | 18 (90%) | 0.8 |
| Characteristics during Hospitalization | ||||
| Time between ICU admission and MV, days, median (IR) | 3 [1.5–9] | – | 3 [1.5–9] | – |
| Mechanical Ventilation, No. (%) | 19 (30.2) | – | 19 (95) | – |
| Duration of MV, days, median (IR) | 9 [7–13] | – | 9 [7–13] | – |
| Length of ICU stay, days, median (IR) | 9 [6–15] | 7 [5.5–10] | 18 [12−20] | 0.0051 |
| Duration of DEX infusion, median (IR) | 60 [32–96] | 65 [38–96] | 49 [28–76] | 0.84 |
| Duration of HFNO treatment, median (IR) | 96 [66–140] | 96 [71–128] | 71 [32–168] | 0.74 |
| Number of PP sessions, median (IR) | 4 [2.5–8] | 5 [3–8.5] | 4 [2–7.2] | 0.74 |
| Duration total of PP sessions, median (IR) | 36 [24–72] | 41 [24–74] | 30 [22–52] | 0.83 |
| Nosocomial infection, No. (%) | 9 (14.3) | 1 (2.3) | 8 (40) | 0.005 |
| Hemodiafiltration, No. (%) | 3 (4.8) | 0 | 3 (15) | 0.32 |
| Death during ICU stay, No. (%) | 7 (11.1) | – | 7 (35) | – |
Date are number (percentage), median (interquartile range), or mean (standard deviation). ACE: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; BMI: Body mass index; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II; IR: interquartile range; HFNO: high-flow nasal oxygen; FiO2: inspired oxygen fraction; ROX: ratio of oxygen saturation to FiO2, divided by respiratory rate; ICU: intensive care unit.