Table 4. Pregnancy outcomes and characteristics at delivery.
| Malawi | Uganda | South Africa | Zimbabwe | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2442 | N = 3835 | N = 1936 | N = 2213 | N = 10426 | |
| Place of delivery | |||||
| Current health facility | 2282 (93.4) | 3607 (94.1) | 1858 (96.0) | 2032 (91.8) | 9779 (93.8) |
| At a different health facility | 131 (5.4) | 180 (4.7) | 26 (1.3) | 71 (3.2) | 408 (3.9) |
| At a home (private residence) | 28 (1.1) | 33 (0.9) | 48 (2.5) | 109 (4.9) | 218 (2.1) |
| Not documented | 1 (0.0) | 15 (0.4) | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.0) | 21 (0.2) |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Vaginal delivery | 1819 (74.5) | 2726 (71.1) | 1258 (65.0) | 1819 (82.2) | 7622 (73.1) |
| Cesarean delivery | 592 (24.2) | 1082 (28.2) | 674 (34.8) | 362 (16.4) | 2710 (26.0) |
| Other | 28 (1.1) | 9 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (1.4) | 69 (0.7) |
| Not documented | 3 (0.1) | 18 (0.5) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (0.2) |
| Pregnancy outcome | |||||
| Full term live birth | 2094 (85.7) | 3192 (83.2) | 1387 (71.6) | 1775 (80.2) | 8448 (81.0) |
| Premature live birth (<37 weeks) | 261 (10.7) | 400 (10.4) | 400 (20.7) | 258(11.7) | 1319 (12.7) |
| Still born/intrauterine fetal demise (≥20 weeks) | 75 (3.1) | 152 (4.0) | 64 (3.3) | 122 (5.5) | 413 (4.0) |
| Outcome not documented | 12 (0.5) | 91 (2.4) | 85 (4.4) | 58 (2.6) | 246 (2.4) |
| Birthweight (grams)2 | 2934±533 (600–5000) | 3027±633 (500–5400) | 2946±659 (500–5570) | 2977±592 (400–4960) | 2979±608 (400–5570) |
| Low birthweight (<2500 g)2 | 353 (15.1) | 574 (15.9) | 324 (17.4) | 288 (13.8) | 1539 (15.5) |
| Neonatal death3 | 61 (2.6) | 42 (1.2) | 24 (1.3) | 65 (3.2) | 192 (2.0) |
1Statistics are N (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD (range) for continuous variables.
2Birthweight reported for livebirths only.
3Livebirths only. Missing data for N = 118 (1.2%) included in the denominator.