Table 4.

Strength of the Evidence for Studies of H1N1 Vaccination or Vaccine Intentions

Population of interest	Comparator population	# of studies	Vaccine uptake likelihood	Strength of evidence	SOE justification	Notes
Vaccination
AA/Black	White	7	Less likely	Moderate	---	Most studies (including the large, good-quality studies), found significantly lower uptake; all general population studies found the same direction of effect
Latino		8	Less likely	Low	Inconsistency	Studies with non-significant differences largely found lower vaccination rates; the 2 largest, good-quality studies found that Latinos were significantly less likely
Asian		2	Unclear	Insufficient	Inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness	---
AI/AN		2	Unclear	Insufficient	Indirectness	---
Pacific Islander		1	Unclear	Insufficient	Indirectness	---
Asian/Pacific Islander		1	Unclear	Insufficient	Indirectness, imprecision	---
Lower SES (education and/or income)	Higher SES	4	Less likely	Low	Inconsistency	---
Rural	Urban	1	Unclear	Insufficient	Single, small study with multiple limitations	---
With disabilities	Without disabilities	0	No evidence	---	---	---
Vaccine intentions
AA/Black	White	4	No difference	Low	Imprecision	---
Latino		3	More likely	Low	Inconsistency	---
Lower SES (education and/or income)	Higher SES	3	No difference	Low	Unclear precision	---
Rural	Urban	0	No evidence	---	---	---
With Disabilities	Without disabilities	0	No evidence	---	---	---
Willingness to take H1N1 vaccine under FDA EUA
AA/Black	White	1	Unclear	Insufficient	Unclear consistency—one study	---
Latino		1	Unclear	Insufficient	Unclear consistency—one study	---
Lower SES (education and/or income)	Higher SES	1	Unclear	Insufficient	Unclear consistency—one study	---

Abbreviations: AA, African American; AI, American Indian; AN, Alaska Native; EUA, Emergency Use Authorization; FDA, Food & Drug Administration; SES, socioeconomic status