. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Apr 2;39(3):249–260. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1737984

Table 4.

Plasma fatty acid composition and product to substrate ratios in the third trimester by maternal alcohol and smoking status¹

	Control	AE-only	AE+Smoker	Sig		Control	AE-only	AE+Smoker	Sig
	N=44	N=44	N=17			N=44	N=44	N=17
Saturated					Desaturation
C14:0	1.11±0.08	0.99±0.08	1.05±0.12	0.554	16:1n7/16:0	0.05±0.00^a,b	0.04±0.00^a	0.07±0.00^b	<0.001
C16:0	26.04±0.38^a,b	25.13±0.38^a	27.05±0.59^b	0.023	18:1n9/18:0	3.00±0.08	3.00±0.08	3.19±0.12	0.380
C18:0	6.23±0.12	6.53±0.12	6.47±0.19	0.244	18:3n6/18:2n6	0.005±0.00^a,b	0.004±0.00^a	0.006±0.00^b	0.006
C20:0	0.13±0.01	0.12±0.01	0.12±0.01	0.779	20:4n6/20:3n6	2.98±0.18^a	3.94±0.18^b	3.69±0.28^a,b	0.002
C22:0	0.19±0.01	0.21±0.01	0.19±0.02	0.589	Elongation
C24:0	0.16±0.01	0.15±0.01	0.15±0.01	0.787	18:0/16:0	0.24±0.01	0.26±0.01	0.24±0.01	0.092
Monounsaturated					22:4n6/20:4n6	0.05±0.00^a	0.04±0.00^b	0.05±0.00^a,b	0.005
C16:1n7	1.30±0.09^b	1.11±0.09^b	1.92±0.14^a	<0.001	22:5n3/20:5n3	1.49±0.11^a,b	1.20±0.11^a	1.70±0.17^b	0.029
C18:1n9	18.53±0.37^a	19.21±0.37^a,b	20.32±0.58^b	0.040	Fatty Acid Ratios
C20:1n9	0.21±0.01	0.23±0.01	0.23±0.02	0.309	16:0/18:2n6	0.78±0.03^a,b	0.74±0.03^a	0.89±0.04^b	0.008
C24:1n9	0.26±0.02	0.21±0.02	0.25±0.04	0.415	18:2n6/18:3n3	193.46±11.71	191.41±11.60	169.28±18.20	0.511
Omega-6					20:4n6/20:5n3	32.20±3.37^a,b	27.91±3.34^a	46.97±5.24^b	0.011
C18:2n6	34.39±0.70^a,b	34.75±0.69^a	31.46±1.09^b	0.035	22:5n6/22:6n3	0.11±0.01^a	0.11±0.01^a	0.19±0.02^b	<0.001
C18:3n6	0.16±0.01^a,b	0.13±0.01^a	0.17±0.01^b	0.014	22:5n6/22:4n6	0.82±0.05^a	0.93±0.04^a,b	1.01±0.07^b	0.006
C20:2n6	0.44±0.03	0.35±0.03	0.41±0.04	0.084	22:6n3/22:5n3	8.42±0.31	8.14±0.31	8.38±0.48	0.810
C20:3n6	1.64±0.07^a	1.29±0.07^b	1.55±0.11^a,b	0.006	Omega 6:Omega 3	17.13±0.89	16.63±0.88	19.92±1.39	0.130
C20:4n6	4.60±0.17	4.87±0.17	4.93±0.27	0.461
C22:4n6	0.24±0.01^a	0.20±0.01^b	0.24±0.02^a,b	0.023
C22:5n6	0.19±0.02^a	0.19±0.02^a	0.27±0.02^b	0.013
Omega-3
C18:3n3	0.20±0.01	0.20±0.01	0.21±0.02	0.993
C20:5n3	0.22±0.04^a,b	0.35±0.04^a	0.14±0.06^b	0.010
C22:5n3	0.24±0.01^a,b	0.26±0.01^a	0.19±0.02^b	0.029
C22:6n3	1.95±0.09^a	2.06±0.09^a	1.51±0.14^b	0.005
Total Fatty Acids (μg/ml)	4670.39±144.92	4599.47±146.61	4505.06±255.17	0.828

Estimated marginal means ± standard error of mean (SEM) by general linear model. Individual plasma fatty acids are presented as a percent of total fatty acids. Means in a row with different superscript letters differ with a p value < 0.05. Models were adjusted for SES, site, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational age at blood draw. Two subjects in the AE+Smoker group had a missing variable for pre-pregnancy BMI thus were not included in this analysis.