Table 4.

A priori codes

1. Leadership (e.g., Bel 2010; Makri and Scandura 2010; van der Panne et al. 2003)

2. CEO and top management team characteristics (e.g., Buyl et al. 2011; Daellenbach et al. 1999; Yadav et al. 2007)

3. Vision and strategy of the firm (e.g.,Ritter and Gemünden 2004; van der Panne et al. 2003; Vanhaverbeke and Peeters 2005)

4. R&D resources (e.g.,Hall et al. 2016; Shefer and Frenkel 2005; van der Panne et al. 2003)

5. Organizational learning (e.g., Chiva et al. 2014; Jiménez-Jiménez and Sanz-Valle 2011)

6. Organizational culture (e.g., Büschgens et al. 2013; Naranjo‐Valencia et al. 2011; Sharifirad and Ataei 2012)

7. Absorptive capacity (e.g., Cohen and Levinthal 1990; Lazzeri and Pisano 2014)

8. Dynamic capability (e.g., Breznik and Hisrich 2014; O'Connor 2008)

9. External collaborations (e.g., De Man and Duysters 2005; Sampson 2007)

10. Project or portfolio management (e.g.,Kock and Gemünden 2016; Mikkola 2001)