Table 2.
Overall and subgroup wise prevalence of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
| Subgroup | Category | Number of Studies | Number of admitted COVID-19 patients | Number of DM patients | Mean prevalence of DM | 95 % prediction interval | Heterogeneity measures | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95 % CI | I2 (%) | Q (p-value) | ||||||
| Continent | Asia | 14 | 9,175 | 944 | 17.0 | 11.0–24.0 | 0.0–48.0 | 98.13 | < 0.01 |
| Europe | 3 | 20,775 | 5105 | 26.0 | 18.0–34.0 | - | - | - | |
| North America | 4 | 14,508 | 4445 | 26.0 | 17.0–35.0 | 0.0–75.0 | 99.31 | < 0.01 | |
| Country | China | 9 | 5,919 | 767 | 18.0 | 10.0–26.0 | 0.0–54.0 | 98.26 | < 0.01 |
| India | 1 | 21 | 2 | 10.0 | 1.0–30.00 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Iran | 1 | 2,964 | 113 | 4.0 | 3.0–5.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Italy | 1 | 410 | 69 | 17.0 | 13.0–21.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Korea | 2 | 208 | 42* | 20.0 | 15.0–25.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Oman | 1 | 63 | 20 | 32.0 | 21.0–45.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| UK | 2 | 20,365 | 5036 | 25.0 | 24.0–25.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| US | 4 | 14,508 | 4445 | 26.0 | 17.0–35.0 | 0.0–75.0 | 99.31 | < 0.01 | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis | RT-PCR | 17 | 20,758 | 5315 | 21.0 | 15.0–28.0 | 1.0–55.0 | 99.13 | < 0.01 |
| Multiple modes | 4 | 23,700 | 5179 | 16.0 | 4.0–34.0 | 0.0–98.0 | 99.72 | < 0.01 | |
| DM diagnosis | Method specified | 4 | 1,918 | 391 | 28.0 | 9.0–53.0 | 0.0–100 | 99.02 | < 0.01 |
| Unclear | 17 | 42,540 | 10,103 | 18.0 | 13.0–24.0 | 1.0–48.0 | 99.40 | < 0.01 | |
| DM types | Mixed T1DM patients and T2DM | 2 | 642 | 156 | 24.0 | 20.0–27.0 | Inestimable | - | - |
| Type 2 | 3 | 5,922 | 1863 | 29.0 | 23.0–34.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Unclear | 16 | 37,894 | 8475 | 18.0 | 12.0–25.0 | 0.0–51.0 | 99.44 | < 0.01 | |
| COVID-19 severity | Critically ill | 3 | 282 | 64 | 22.0 | 16.0–28.0 | Inestimable | - | - |
| Not Critically ill | 3 | 2,129 | 161 | 8.0 | 2.0–18.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Unclear | 15 | 42,047 | 10,269 | 22.0 | 17.0–29.0 | 3.0–53.0 | 99.42 | < 0.01 | |
| Sample size | < 100 | 12 | 3,608 | 462 | 18.0 | 11.0–27.0 | 0.0–56.0 | 96.80 | < 0.01 |
| ≥ 100 | 9 | 40,850 | 10,032 | 22.0 | 15.0–30.0 | 2.0–55.0 | 99.65 | < 0.01 | |
| Overall | NA | 21 | 44,458 | 10,494 | 20.0 | 15.0–25.0 | 0.02–0.50 | 99.33 | < 0.01 |
*only diabetes patients for whom mortality data was available were included