Table 3.
Overall and subgroup wise prevalence of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus
| Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus | |||||||||
| Subgroup | Category | Number of studies | Number of DM patients | Number of deaths | Mean prevalence of deaths | 95% prediction interval | Heterogeneity measures | ||
| % | 95% CI | I2 (%) | Q (p-value) | ||||||
| Continent | Asia | 14 | 944 | 201 | 17.0 | 8.0–28.0 | 0.0–66.0 | 92.10 | <0.01 |
| Europe | 4 | 6,422 | 1671 | 28 | 14.0-44.0 | 0.0–96.0 | 98.87 | <0.01 | |
| North America | 4 | 4,445 | 968 | 20.0 | 11.0-32.0 | 0.0–79.0 | 98.35 | <0.01 | |
| Country | China | 9 | 767 | 175 | 20.0 | 8.0–34.0 | 0.0–76.0 | 94.35 | <0.01 |
| France | 1 | 1,317 | 140 | 11.0 | 9.0–12.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| India | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–84.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Iran | 1 | 113 | 11 | 10.0 | 5.0–17.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Italy | 1 | 69 | 22 | 32.0 | 21.0–44.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Korea | 2 | 42 | 11 | 21.0 | 9.0–35.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Oman | 1 | 20 | 4 | 20.0 | 6.0–44.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| UK | 2 | 5,036 | 1509 | 30.0 | 29.0–31.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| US | 4 | 4,445 | 968 | 20.0 | 11.0–32.0 | 0.0–79.0 | 98.35 | <0.01 | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis | RT-PCR | 17 | 5,315 | 1159 | 17.0 | 11.0-23.0 | 0.0-45.0 | 94.34 | <0.01 |
| Multiple modes | 5 | 6,496 | 1681 | 30.0 | 16.0–46.0 | 0.0–89.0 | 98.80 | <0.01 | |
| Diabetes diagnosis | Method specified | 5 | 1,708 | 231 | 19.0 | 10.0–31.0 | 0.0–69.0 | 93.67 | <0.01 |
| Unclear | 17 | 10,103 | 2609 | 21.0 | 15.0-27.0 | 2.0–48.0 | 96.35 | <0.01 | |
| DM type | Mixed T1 and T2 DM | 3 | 1,473 | 202 | 28.0 | 7.0–55.0 | Inestimable | - | - |
| T2DM | 3 | 1,863 | 263 | 27.0 | 0.0–84.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Unclear | 16 | 8,475 | 2375 | 17.0 | 13.0-22.0 | 5.0–35.0 | 90.19 | <0.01 | |
| COVID-19 severity | Critically ill | 3 | 64 | 43 | 40.0 | 0.0–93.0 | Inestimable | - | - |
| Not Critically ill | 3 | 161 | 12 | 3.0 | 0.0–12.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Unclear | 16 | 11,586 | 2785 | 21.0 | 15.0-27.0 | 3.0–47.0 | 97.15 | <0.01 | |
| Sample size | <100 | 12 | 462 | 140 | 21.0 | 8.0-38.0 | 0.0–86.0 | 91.96 | <0.01 |
| >100 | 10 | 11,349 | 2700 | 19.0 | 13.0–25.0 | 2.0–46.0 | 98.21 | <0.01 | |
| Overall | 22 | 11,811 | 2840 | 20.0 | 15.0–26.0 | 2.0–48.0 | 96.75 | <0.01 | |
| Hospitalized COVID-19 patients without diabetes mellitus* | |||||||||
| Subgroup | Category | Number of studies | Number of non-DM patients | Number of deaths | Mean prevalence of deaths | 95% prediction interval | Heterogeneity measures | ||
| % | 95% CI | I2 (%) | Q (p-value) | ||||||
| Continent | Asia | 13 | 8,136 | 549 | 7.0 | 3.0–12.0 | 0.0–0.31 | 97.59 | <0.01 |
| Europe | 3 | 15,670 | 3,818 | 25.0 | 21.0-30.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| North America | 4 | 10,063 | 1,696 | 14.0 | 5.0–26.0 | 0.0–0.81 | 99.53 | <0.01 | |
| Country | China | 9 | 5,152 | 311 | 8.0 | 3.0–15.0 | 0.0–0.41 | 98.21 | <0.01 |
| India | 1 | 19 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0–18.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Iran | 1 | 2,851 | 228 | 8.0 | 7.0–9.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Italy | 1 | 341 | 73 | 21.0 | 17.0–26.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Korea | 1 | 71 | 9 | 13.0 | 6.0–23.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Oman | 1 | 43 | 1 | 2.0 | 0.0–12.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| UK | 2 | 15,329 | 3,745 | 24.0 | 24.0–25.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| US | 4 | 10,063 | 1,696 | 14.0 | 5.0–26.0 | 0.0–0.81 | 99.53 | <0.01 | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis | RT-PCR | 16 | 15,348 | 1997 | 8.0 | 4.0-14.0 | 0.0–40.0 | 99.05 | <0.01 |
| Multiple modes | 4 | 18,521 | 4,066 | 24.0 | 12.0–38.0 | 0.0–0.91 | 99.45 | <0.01 | |
| COVID-19 severity | Critically ill | 3 | 218 | 76 | 20.0 | 1.0–52.0 | Inestimable | - | - |
| Not Critically ill | 2 | 1,873 | 31 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.0 | Inestimable | - | - | |
| Unclear | 15 | 31,778 | 5,956 | 11.0 | 7.0-17.0 | 0.0–38.0 | 99.26 | <0.01 | |
| Sample size | <100 | 11 | 3,051 | 280 | 10.0 | 3.0-21.0 | 0.0–61.0 | 98.12 | <0.01 |
| >100 | 9 | 30818 | 5,783 | 11.0 | 6.0–18.0 | 0.0–0.42 | 99.57 | <0.01 | |
| Overall | 20 | 33,869 | 6063 | 11.0 | 6.0-16.0 | 0.0–0.41 | 99.32 | <0.01 | |