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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2021 Jan 29;339:113621. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113621

Figure 1. Complexity of predicting vulnerability to addiction in individuals prenatally exposed to opioids.

Figure 1.

Vulnerability to addiction depends on the complex interaction between genetic and environmental conditions. Each of these factors differentially affects an individual’s predisposition to substance use disorders. Additionally, protective factors throughout a child’s lifetime can greatly offset adverse behavioral effects of prenatal opioid exposure. This complicates both animal and human studies investigating susceptibility to addiction.