Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of studies included in the systematic review
| Author (year) | Study design | Operation | Baseline BMI (SD) | Population | Evaluation period | Main outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | Gender | ||||||
| Alam et al. [22] | Prospective cohort study |
BPD (N = 5) LAGB (N = 6) |
53.0 (7.3) BDP 44.2 (3.2) LGB |
48 (8) | 8 F and 3 M | Pre-surgery and 1, 6, and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Autonomic nervous system modulation Metabolic parameters |
| Alba et al. [23] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 44 (8) | 45 (12) | 37 F and 10 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body composition Physical capacity and performance Physical activity level |
| Benedetti et al. [14] | Prospective study | BPD | Not specified | 36.1 (1.62) | 9 F and 5 M | Pre-surgery and 30 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure Metabolic parameters |
| Bobbioni-Harsch et al. [24] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 44.6 (1.1) | 39.5 (2) | 12 F | Pre-surgery and 3 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Bond et al. [25] | Prospective cohort study |
LAGB (N = 65%) RYGB (N = 35%) |
50.1 (9.1) | 46.2 (9.8) | 17 F and 3 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery | Physical activity level |
| Braga et al. [26] | Prospective cohort study |
VBG (N = 5) RYGB (N = 14) Medical treatment (N = 20) |
41.5 (5.0) | 38.5 (10.6) | 14 F and 6 M | Pre-surgery and 3 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Browning et al. [27] | Prospective cohort study | GBS | 42.9 (4.1) | 21–55 | 9 F | Pre-surgery and 3 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Campos et al. [9] | Prospective cohort study | Not specified | 47.42 (5.72) | 40 (7) | 24 F | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Physical capacity and performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical activity level |
| Carrasco et al. [16] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 44.4 (4.8) | 37.3 (11.1) | 27 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameter Energy expenditure Substrate use Physical activity level |
| Colles et al. [17] | Prospective cohort | LAGB | 44.3 (6.8) | 45.2 (11.5) | 103 F and 26 M | Pre-surgery and 4 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Physical activity level |
| Daniel et al. [28] | Prospective cohort study | LSG | 44.04 (5.84) | 47.0 (9.0) | 14 F and 10 M | Pre-surgery and 5.9 (2.3) months and 15.5 (7.2) months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Das et al. [29] | Prospective cohort study | GBS | 50.1 (9.3) | 39.0 (9.6) | 24 F and 6 M | Pre-surgery and 14 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure Physical activity level |
| Dereppe et al. [30] | Prospective cohort study |
LSG (N = 18) RYGB (N = 24) |
44 (4) | 42 (13) | 42 F | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| De Souza et al. [31] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 49.4 (5.4) | 40.4 (8.4) | 61 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Physical capacity and performance Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| De Souza et al. [32] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 51.1 (9.2) | 40.9 (9.2) | 44 F and 7 M | Pre-surgery and 7 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Physical capacity and performance |
| Galtier et al. [33] | Prospective cohort study | LAGB | 44.37 (7.0) | 39.17 (10.4) | 73 F | Pre-surgery and 13.37 (6.0) months post-surgery (group A [6–12 months, n = 39]; group B [12–18 months, n = 21]; group C [418 months, n = 13]) |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Energy expenditure Substrate use |
| Iannelli et al. [34] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 44.6 (5.2) | 39.9 (10) | 115 F | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Energy expenditure |
| Kanoupakis et al. [35] | Prospective cohort study | VBG | 49 (8) | 22–43 | 10 F and 6 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Kokkinos et al. [36] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB LAGB |
48.4 (8.2) | 44.2 (10.8) | 450 F and 128 M | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Autonomic nervous system modulation Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Li et al. [37] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 14) LSG (N = 23) |
47.9 (6.0) for the RYGB group 51.6 (7.5) for the SG group |
38.0 (7.8) for the RYGB group 40.3 (9.9) for the SG group |
Not specified | Pre-surgery and 3 and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Cardiorespiratory fitness Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Liu et al. [38] | Retrospective cohort study | LSG | 37.2 (6.1) | 35.3 (11.8) | 52 F and 45 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure Physical activity level |
| Lund et al. [39] | Prospective cohort study | GBS | 44.6 (1.2) | 41.2 (2) | 11 F and 2 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical activity level |
| Machado et al. [40] | Prospective cohort study | GBS | 43 (1) | 40 (2) | 22 F and 9 M | Pre-surgery and 4 and 18 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Maniscalco et al. [41] | Prospective cohort study | LAGB | 43 (37 to 56) | 37 (18 to 66) | 42 F and 29 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Autonomic nervous system modulation Physical capacity and performance |
| Maser et al. [42] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 51 (11) | 38 (11) | 29 F and 3 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Metabolic parameters Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Maser et al. [43] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 47.7 (7) | 45 (9) | 22 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Metabolic parameters Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| McCullough et al. [44] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 50.4 (6.0) | 46.0 (10.4) | 82 F and 27 M | 30-day period after discharge |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Mirahmadian et al. [45] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 21) LAGB (N = 5) |
47.7 (7) | 45 (9) | 22 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure |
| Nault et al. [46] | Randomized controlled trials | BPD | 52.3 (7.6) for BPD-DS and 54.3 (10.9) for C | 37.7 (8.5) for BPD-DS and 44.7 (10.8) for C | 6 F and 4 M for BPD-DS and 7 for C | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Autonomic nervous system modulation |
| Neunhaeuserer et al. [47] | Prospective cohort study | LSG | 45.2 (5.8) | 48.23 (9.01) | 26 | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical capacity and performance |
| Notarius et al. [48] | Randomized controlled trials | GBS | 46.1 (6.4) | 18–60 | 42 and 21 for C | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Energy expenditure Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical capacity and performance |
| Otto et al. [49] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 16) LSG (N = 9) |
47.40 (6.3) | 36.8 (11.7) for F and 46.7 (9.0) for M | 16 F and 9 M | Pre-surgery and repeated every 6 weeks for 4 months |
Body weight Body composition Physical capacity and performance |
| Perugini et al. [50] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 46 (6) | 45 (9) | 21 F and 7 M | Pre-surgery and 6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Autonomic nervous system modulation Metabolic parameters |
| Ravelli et al. [51] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 44.9 (2.5) | 20 W | 29.4 (5.1) | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure |
| Remígio et al. [52] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB LSG |
46.2 (4.9) | 20–45 | 24 | Pre-surgery and 4 months post-surgery |
Body weight Metabolic parameters Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Sans et al. [53] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 43.3 (4.9) | 40.6 (11.2) | 103 F | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Metabolic parameters Energy expenditure |
| Seres et al. [54] | Prospective cohort study | Not specified | 51 (4) | 38 (8) | 20 F and 11 M | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical capacity and performance |
| Schneider et al. [55] | Randomized controlled trials |
RYGB LSG |
43.9 (1.3) | 40.3 (10.9) RYGB versus 41.2 (10.4) LSG | 35 F and 7 M | Pre-surgery and 17 ± 5.6 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure Substrate use |
| Silva et al. [56] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 15) LSG (N = 2) |
46 (2) | 30 (1) | 13 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 3 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Physical capacity and performance |
| Tamboli et al. [57] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 46.3 (5.5) | 43.8 (9.6) | 25 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Energy expenditure Substrate use |
| Tam et al. [58] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 5) LSG (N = 9) LAGB (N = 7) |
47.2 (1.5) | 46 (2) | 27 W | Pre-surgery and 8 weeks and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Energy expenditure Physical activity level |
| Tettero et al. [59] | Retrospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 4359) LSG (N = 426) |
44.9 (6.2) | 43.1 (10.7) | 3867 F and 918 M | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical activity level |
| Tompkins et al. [60] | Prospective cohort study | LGB | 45.5 (6.9) | 44 (6.3) | 28 F and 2 M | Pre-surgery and 6 and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Physical capacity and performance |
| Valezi-Machado et al. [61] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 41.8 (4.4) | 35.9 (12.2) | 31 F and 12 M | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Van Gemert et al. [62] | Prospective cohort study | VBG | 48.1 (7.0) | 28 (7) | 7 W and 1 M | Pre-surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Energy expenditure Substrate use |
| Vargas et al. [63] | Prospective cohort study | RYGB | 50.45 (8.5) | 38 (10) | 61 W and 6 M | Pre-surgery and 3 months post-surgery |
Body weight Physical capacity and performance |
| Wilms et al. [64] | Prospective cohort study |
RYGB (N = 16) LSG (N = 2) |
46.3 (6.8) | 42.5 (10.6) | 11 F and 7 M | Pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery |
Body weight Cardiorespiratory fitness Physical capacity and performance |
| Wu et al. [65] | Prospective cohort study | LSG | 45.4 (6.8) | 34 | 9 F and 9 M | Pre-surgery and 7, 30, 90, and 180 days post-surgery |
Body weight Autonomic nervous system modulation Metabolic parameters |
| Zavorsky et al. [66] | Prospective cohort study | GBS | 47.3 (6.2) | 39 (8) | 11 F and 4 M | Pre-surgery and 2 months post-surgery |
Body weight Body composition Cardiorespiratory fitness |
BDP, biliopancreatic diversion; LAGB, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; VBG, vertical-banded gastroplasty; GBS, gastric bypass surgery; LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; F, female; M, male; C, control group