Figure 2.

Effect of placental insults on intracellular concentrations of DAMPs in term placental explants. Explants were exposed for 72h to (a) oxidative stress (1 mM H₂O₂), (b) hypoxia (1%O₂), (c) low dose LPS (1 ng/ml to mimic subclinical infection), (d) nitrative stress (1 mM SIN-1). Concentrations of uric acid (UA), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 calcium binding proteins A8 (S100A8) and A12 (S100A12), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were measured in placental lysates and corrected for explant protein content. Data are fold change from control conditions (n = 5–10, line represents median); dashed line represents control values. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 Wilcoxon signed rank test.