Table 1a:
CIAO vs. SAGE Study Comparisons by Age Groups
| Age 50–65 | Age >90 | F or x2 | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIAO | SAGE | CIAO | SAGE | |||
| (N=212) | (N=138) | (N=47) | (N=85) | |||
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |||
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | |||
| Socio-demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 57.8 (4.5) | 58.1 (4.9) | 92.7 (3) | 93.2 (3.2) | 3018 | <.0001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 53% | 49% | 68% | 48% | 2 | 0.100 |
| Race | ||||||
| Caucasian | 100% | 75% | 100% | 94% | 83 | 0.020 |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Married or cohabiting | 82% | 70% | 19% | 39% | 40 | <.0001 |
| Education | ||||||
| Some College and Above | 12% | 94% | 5% | 85% | 331 | <.0001 |
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Employed professionally (full-time or part-time) | 56% | 75% | 0% | 2% | 295 | <.0001 |
| Lifestyle Factors | ||||||
| Smoker - current | 29% | 11% | 0% | 4% | 42 | <.0001 |
| Smoker - ever | 56% | 26% | 16% | 48% | 46 | <.0001 |
| Alcohol Use (current) | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 37% | 15% | 56% | 33% | 119 | <.0001 |
| Drinker | 63% | 85% | 44% | 68% | ||
| Physical and Mental Health | ||||||
| Medical Conditions | ||||||
| High Blood Pressure | 45% | 31% | 77% | 67% | 17 | <.0001 |
| High Cholesterol | 46% | 29% | 34% | 37% | 4 | 0.010 |
| Diabetes | 9% | 4% | 18% | 17% | 4 | 0.010 |
| Heart Attack | 1% | 2% | 11% | 12% | 3 | 0.020 |
| Stroke | 1% | 1% | 7% | 11% | 4 | 0.005 |
| Cancer | 5% | 18% | 12% | 46% | 21 | <.0001 |
| Ulcer | 5% | 2% | 5% | 0% | 7 | 0.080 |
| Colitis | 2% | 1% | 9% | 0% | 15 | 0.002 |
| Emphysema/COPD | 4% | 2% | 23% | 4% | 4 | 0.006 |
| Total medical conditions endorsed | 1.1 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.9) | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.3) | 18.11 | <.0001 |
| BMI | 28.4 (4.8) | 28.2 (6.3) | 26.9 (3.9) | 25.4 (3.9) | 11 | <.0001 |
| General Health Rating (range 1–5) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.9) | 6 | 0.0009 |
| Sleep Quality (range 1–5) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 7 | 0.0001 |
| CESD Happiness Scale (range 0–12) | 6.9 (3.3) | 9.8 (2.7) | 4.9 (2.2) | 9.3 (2.8) | 26 | <.0001 |
| Loneliness | ||||||
| UCLA Loneliness Scale Total Score (range 20–80) | 39.9 (8.4) | 36.8 (10) | 44.7 (8.1) | 37.0 (10.8) | 10 | <.0001 |
| Wisdom (range 1–5) | ||||||
| SD-WISE - Pro-Social Behaviors | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.7) | 4.2 (0.5) | 16 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Emotional Regulation | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.6) | 25 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Self-Reflection (Insight) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) | 16 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Acceptance for Divergent Values | 3.9 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.5) | 7 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Decisiveness | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.8 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | 12 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Social Advising | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.6) | 13 | <.0001 |
| SD-WISE - Total | 3.7 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.7 (0.4) | 24 | <.0001 |
Note: One-way ANOVA were performed for continuous variables and Chi-square tests were performed for categorical variables.
Abbreviations:
BMI = Body Mass Index
CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
SD-WISE = San Diego Wisdom Scale