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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Aging Ment Health. 2020 Oct 1;25(11):2149–2159. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1821170

Table 1b:

CIAO vs. SAGE Study Comparisons by Age Groups - Pairwise Significance (p-values)

1 vs 2 1 vs 3 2 vs 4 3 vs 4
Socio-demographics
Age (years) 0.9754 <.0001 <.0001 0.9754
Sex
  Female N/A N/A N/A N/A
Race
  Caucasian 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.5556
Marital Status
  Married or cohabiting 0.5430 <.0001 <.0001 0.1224
Education
  Some College and Above <.0001 0.0000 0.2213 <.0001
Employment Status
  Employed professionally (full-time or part-time) 0.0000 0.1894 0.0477 0.8940
Lifestyle Factors
 Smoker - current 0.0003 0.0000 0.3902 0.5705
 Smoker - ever 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0009
 Alcohol Use (current)
  Non-drinker 0.0033 0.0016 0.6020 0.3777
  Drinker
Physical and Mental Health
 Medical Conditions
  High Blood Pressure 0.0201 0.0002 0.0000 0.2508
  High Cholesterol 0.0079 0.7042 0.7042 1.0000
  Diabetes 0.0622 0.0001 0.0000 0.9741
  Heart Attack 0.3376 0.2008 0.0186 0.8098
  Stroke 1.0000 0.0110 0.0032 1.0000
  Cancer 0.9001 0.0634 0.0001 0.6710
  Ulcer N/A N/A N/A N/A
  Colitis 0.0020 0.4313 0.0000 0.0000
  Emphysema/COPD 0.8384 0.0060 0.8384 0.0019
  Total medical conditions endorsed 0.0620 0.0000 0.0000 0.9740
 BMI 0.8203 0.2825 0.0005 0.3348
 General Health Rating (range 1–5) ↑ better 0.2582 0.0235 0.0235 0.2582
 Sleep Quality (range 1–5) ↑ better 0.1575 0.2203 0.0709 0.0006
 CESD Happiness Scale 0.0000 0.0382 0.2807 0.0000
Loneliness
 UCLA Loneliness Scale Total Score 0.0123 0.0123 0.8873 0.0001
Wisdom
 SD-WISE - Pro-Social Behaviors 0.0473 0.0000 0.4815 0.0000
 SD-WISE - Emotional Regulation 0.0000 0.2719 0.1767 0.0001
 SD-WISE - Self-Reflection (Insight) 0.2566 0.0000 0.0049 0.0049
 SD-WISE - Acceptance for Divergent Values 0.7698 0.0000 0.1747 0.0051
 SD-WISE - Decisiveness 0.0000 0.1156 0.2131 0.0021
 SD-WISE - Social Advising 0.0028 0.0028 0.0053 0.0105
 SD-WISE - Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000

Note: 1--Age 50–65 CIAO, 2--Age 50–65 SAGE, 3--Age ≥90 CIAO, 4--Age ≥90 SAGE.

Holm Adjustment was used to adjust for multiple comparisons of the pairwise significances.

NA = Not Applicable as the ANOVAs in Table 1b were not significant.