TABLE 3.
Assessment of potential risk factors of early TACE refractoriness in training cohort.
| Characteristics | Absence of TACE refractoriness (n = 99) | Presence of TACE refractoriness (n = 48) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
| Age (years) | 57.6 ± 11.8 | 56.4 ± 14.0 | 0.588 | - |
| Gender (%) | 0.899 | - | ||
| Male | 88 (88.9%) | 43 (89.6%) | ||
| Female | 11 (11.1%) | 5 (10.4%) | ||
| Child pugh class (%) | 0.432 | - | ||
| A | 84 (84.8%) | 43 (89.6%) | ||
| B | 15 (15.2%) | 5 (10.4%) | ||
| BCLC stage (%) | <0.001 | - | ||
| 0-A | 70 (70.7%) | 18 (37.5%) | ||
| B | 29 (29.3%) | 30 (62.5%) | ||
| NLR | 2.39 (IQR, 1.84) | 2.51 (IQR, 1.78) | 0.687 | |
| Underlying liver disease (%) | 0.441 | - | ||
| HBV | 83 (83.8%) | 36 (75.0%) | ||
| Other | 4 (4.0%) | 3 (7.5%) | ||
| None | 12 (12.2%) | 9 (22.5%) | ||
| Initial AFP (%) | 0.136 | - | ||
| ≤400 ug/L | 70 (70.7%) | 28 (58.3%) | ||
| >400 ug/L | 29 (29.3%) | 20 (41.7%) | ||
| History of resection (%) | 0.687 | - | ||
| Presence | 14 (14.1%) | 8 (16.6%) | ||
| Absence | 85 (85.9%) | 40 (83.4%) | ||
| Tumor distribution (%) | <0.001 | 0.002 (or, 3.251; 95%CI: 1.536–6.883) | ||
| Unilobar | 79 (79.8%) | 18 (37.5%) | ||
| Bilobar | 20 (20.2%) | 30 (62.5%) | ||
| Number of tumors (%) | <0.001 | 0.005 (or, 1.894; 95%CI: 1.212–2.961) | ||
| Solitary | 70 (70.7%) | 18 (37.5%) | ||
| 2–3 | 22 (22.2%) | 11 (22.9%) | ||
| >3 | 7 (7.1%) | 19 (39.6%) | ||
| Size of the largest tumor (%) | 0.021 | - | ||
| ≤50 mm | 53 (53.5%) | 14 (29.2%) | ||
| 50–100 mm | 33 (33.3%) | 24 (50.0%) | ||
| >100 mm | 13 (13.2%) | 10 (20.8%) | ||
| Up-to-seven criteria (%) | <0.001 | 0.001 (or, 3.640; 95%CI: 1.686–7.859) | ||
| Within | 56 (56.6%) | 11 (22.9%) | ||
| Beyond | 43 (43.4%) | 37 (77.1%) | ||
| Initial embolic agent (%) | 0.045 | - | ||
| Lipiodol | 46 (46.5%) | 14 (29.2%) | ||
| DEB | 53 (53.5%) | 34 (70.8%) | ||
Note: TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; IQR, interquartile range; HBV, hepatitis B virus; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; DEB, drug-eluting beads.