Table 3.

Independent and synergistic effects of curcumin and mangosteen extract on the lipid profiles of lean and HFD-induced obese rats.

Parameters	Groups	Mean ± SD	p-valuea	p-valueb
CHOL (mg/dl)	Control lean	74.26 ± 6.97
	Mangosteen lean	105.51 ± 14.21		0.002
	Curcumin lean	104.07 ± 9.84		0.001
	Synergistic lean	88.87 ± 2.93		0.003
	Control obese	148.00 ± 48.24	0.026
	Mangosteen obese	182.22 ± 9.31	0.001	0.189
	Curcumin obese	123.41 ± 34.60	0.287	0.381
	Synergistic obese	145.97 ± 21.93	0.004	0.934
HDL-C (mg/dl)	Control lean	54.95 ± 8.71
	Mangosteen lean	72.29 ± 17.96		0.088
	Curcumin lean	56.18 ± 11.46		0.853
	Synergistic lean	68.57 ± 18.27		0.171
	Control obese	51.45 ± 17.76	0.702
	Mangosteen obese	55.08 ± 8.81	0.026	0.693
	Curcumin obese	50.16 ± 12.30	0.446	0.897
	Synergistic obese	50.94 ± 13.88	0.124	0.961
LDL-C (mg/dl)	Control lean	11.12 ± 3.89
	Mangosteen lean	31.88 ± 12.21		0.016
	Curcumin lean	30.30 ± 10.07		0.009
	Synergistic lean	13.19 ± 3.25		0.463
	Control obese	65.05 ± 43.59	0.075
	Mangosteen obese	95.94 ± 8.81	0.009	0.173
	Curcumin obese	49.35 ± 16.88	0.076	0.602
	Synergistic obese	58.45 ± 15.91	0.009	0.754
TAG (mg/dl)	Control lean	182.29 ± 31.89
	Mangosteen lean	194.60 ± 24.94		0.516
	Curcumin lean	196.49 ± 18.04		0.411
	Synergistic lean	215.54 ± 6.71		0.052
	Control obese	223.07 ± 14.77	0.032
	Mangosteen obese	222.53 ± 3.91	0.038	0.941
	Curcumin obese	197.22 ± 89.32	0.987	0.556
	Synergistic obese	250.27 ± 44.94	0.126	0.234

^aSignificant difference between normal weight and obese rats in each group (control, mangosteen, curcumin, and synergistic).

^bSignificant difference between each group and respective normal weight or obese control groups.